Background: Group A streptococcal (GAS) infection after thyroid surgery is a rare occurrence. Its incidence has not been described in the literature. Methods: This report presents an overview of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in order to improve the management of the condition and the patient outcome. Results: A case of GAS toxis shock syndrome secondary to a inadvertent tracheal perforation during a thyroidectomy is presented. Conclusion: Rapid and thorough diagnosis is essential and all surgeons must have a high index of suspicion for this rare but concerning disease.
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