The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a substantial threat to the international health sector and the global economy. As of 26 December 2021, the number of mortalities resulting from COVID-19 exceeded 5.3 million worldwide. The absence of an effective non-vaccine treatment has prompted the quest for prophylactic agents that can be used to combat COVID-19. This study presents the feasibility of chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) spike SARS-CoV-2 as a strong candidate to neutralize the virus for application in passive immunization. For the purpose of preclinical studies, we radiolabeled IgY anti-RBD spike SARS-CoV-2 with radionuclide iodine-131. This allowed us to evaluate several biological characteristics of IgY in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. The preclinical data suggest that IgY anti-RBD spike SARS-CoV-2 could specifically bind to the SARS-CoV-2 antigens; however, little uptake was observed in normal cells (MRC-5) (<2%). Furthermore, the ex vivo biodistribution study revealed that IgY predominantly accumulated in the trachea of normal mice compared to other organs. We also found that IgY possessed a good safety profile when used as an intranasal agent. Taken together, we propose that IgY anti-RBD spike SARS-CoV-2 has the potential for application in passive immunization against COVID-19.
Technetium-99m Methylene Diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) has been utilized in a variety of clinical situations to identify bone areas due to the strong affinity of hydroxyapatite crystals in the mineral phase of the bone with the diphosphonate compounds. Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by decreased bone mass and increased fracture risk and represents a significant population health issue. It has been observed that 99mTc-MDP can be used for bone scintigraphy especially in case of bone cancer, but biodistribution study of 99mTc-MDP on ovariectomized mice for early monitoring of osteoporosis model remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the biodistribution of 99mTc-MDP both in normal and ovariectomized mice. The experiment was performed on BALB/c mice weighing approximately 30 g. Mice were divided into a normal and ovariectomized group. After the first, second and third hours, mice were euthanized using the accepted protocol and the tissue of interest was collected. All tissue and blood were weighed using an analytical scale and counted for radioactivity using Automatic Gamma Counter with NaI(Tl) detector. Administration of 99mTc-MDP showed in normal mice compared with an animal model of osteoporosis, there are significant differences at 1 hour post-injection from (20.32±1.38) %ID/g decreased to (7.42±2.61) %ID/g, 2 hours from (13.75±0.01) %ID/g to (5.25±0.25) %ID/g and 3 hours from (12.18±1.44)%ID/g to (4.86±1.34) %ID/g uptake in the bones with (p<0.05). This study can be a consideration for the clinical application of 99mTc-MDP for early detection of osteoporosis conditions by looking at bone uptake and become a concern in the application for bone scintigraphy if the patient is indicated osteoporosis because it will affect visualization of the organ.
Radiopharmaceutical 99m Tc-Glutathione has been developed for cancer diagnostic in nuclear medicine. Interactions between chemotherapy drugs and radiopharmaceuticals can altered radiopharmaceuticals performance. Drug interaction 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with a radiopharmaceutical 99m Tc-Glutathione in mice cancer model has been proven in pharmacokinetics study. The biological half-life distribution of 99m Tc-Glutathione for cancer model mice when administrated with 5-FU become longer to 0.340±0.121h if compared with 99m Tc-Glutathione. Biological halflife elimination for cancer model mice given with 99m Tc-Glutathione is 72.712±2.427h. Administration of 5-FU makes the biological half-life elimination of 99m Tc-Glutathione shorter to 17.030±3.459h. Biodistribution study of 5-FU continued with 99m Tc-Glutathione for cancer model mice showed higher physiological uptake in the kidney was observed (39.77±2.70%ID/g) for 99m Tc-Glutathione has lower uptake on kidney (29.55.3.73 %ID/g) with p<0.05. Based on calculation on cancer model mice with colon cancer compared with muscle, shown target/non-target (T/NT) ratio 2.93 for 5-FU continued with 99m Tc-Glutathione has ratio 0.42. Low ratio T/NT may affect to poor organ visualization for cancer diagnosis. Acute toxicity study has shown drugs safety for clinical purpose. The knowledge about chemotherapy drug interaction with a radiopharmaceutical is important to have a correct diagnosis of the patient on clinical application.
The use of radiopharmaceuticals for cancer diagnosis and therapy is increasing. The radiopharmaceutical is also used to monitor the progress of a disease and determine the appropriate treatment. However, the use of radiopharmaceuticals needs to pay attention to the alteration in pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, and toxicity that are influenced by the drugs consumed by patients. Interaction between drugs with radiopharmaceuticals will cause alteration in pharmacokinetic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic interaction of “-Tc-Glutathione radiopharmaceuticals with doxorubicin cancer drug in mice (Mus musculus). The pharmacokinetic studies were performed using four groups of animal model and each group consists of three rats. The groups were classified to normal mice without treatment of doxorubicin as normal mice control (I), normal mice treated with doxorubicin (II), cancer model mice without treatment of doxorubicin as cancer model mice control (III), and cancer model mice treated with doxorubicin (IV). The radioactivity in blood at a certain interval was then calculated to determine the distribution and elimination half-time. The distribution halftime of group I, II, III, and IV were 0.004±0.001, 0.0037±0.0001, 0.003±0.0001, and 0.0037±0.0001 hours, respectively, while the elimination half-time were 5.310±1.050, 10.7344±0.4692, 72.712±2.427, and 26.9320±7.8152 hours, respectively. The results of the T-test showed that there was a significant difference in elimination half-life of 99mTc-Glutathione between the treated group and the control group. These results indicate that administration of the doxorubicin before administration of 99m-Tc-Glutathione needs to be avoided because it can alter the elimination half-life of »-Tc-Glutathione. The results of this study are expected to provide benefits for clinicians in nuclear medicine to avoid the interpretation of incorrect diagnosis results, to achieve high-quality health service and will have a positive impact on the appropriate treatment for patients.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.