The paper introduces a new method for infrastructure construction project quality control, which enables real-time monitoring of project progress and quality.The tradition method for quality control reporting in construction projects is measuring the built surfaces via total station or GNSS rover and then using surveying CAD software to produce cross section images, which show difference between measured points and 3D design surfaces. The cross section images are then printed on paper and stored. This method of reporting requires a lot of manual labour using CAD software, and due to this reports are often created weeks or even months after the construction work has been completed. The delay in quality reporting causes errors and prevents effective communication between the constructor and project owner.In the proposed new method, 3D design surfaces are produced and stored on a central collaboration cloud system. All measurement devices used on the site are integrated to the collaboration cloud via internet connection. Typically, geometric measurements on a construction site can be done by using total stations, GNSS rovers or machine control systems. All measurements made are immediately transferred over the internet to the cloud and automatically compared to designs to find height differences and colour coded based on required tolerances. The measurements are available for viewing and approval on a map display, using regular web-browser on PC or tablet devices. The new method has been tested on several pilot projects in Finland during 2014. Pilot projects have shown the proposed new method to significantly improve project quality reporting speed and provide unprecedented transparency and situation awareness to all actors of the project, resulting in gains in project predictability and profitability.
In this paper a new process integrating 5D product modelling and 3D on-site surveying for bridge construction is presented. This enables faster and less error prone surveying session preparations, fluent communication of design plans between survey teams, design office and other parties related to the construction project. A prototype system based on a total station and Tekla Structures CAD software is defined, and implemented by programming a .NET add-on to Tekla Structures and tested in field tests in an actually bridge construction project. Tests indicate prototype as a viable tool for surveying, but it still needs further development in usability and measuring features. Results are applicable also to building and road construction surveying.
The paper introduces and discusses bridge engineering, design and construction R&D results in a Finnish bridge cluster consortium (5D-Bridge). Development of national bridge information modelling guideline in Finland is introduced, as well as latest developments in 3D modelling in practice. A library of frequently used bridge components was developed to the use of the Finnish bridge cluster. Also the latest developments in integrating the information model with surveying and machine control is discussed. Results vary from success utilizing new tools to model concrete bridges and rebars in Tekla Structures and relative success through iteration regarding bridge blueprint production in actual bridge modelling and construction project, and the relative failures of creating and maintaining a national custom bridge components library for different CAD softwares. Machine control applications for bridge construction, such as excavating the foundations and piling are still tested mostly in limited pilots or simulations and waiting to be actually used in real bridge construction sites. Overall, the transition to using 3D information models for bridge construction projects is clearly inevitable as more and more bridge projects are being designed via information modelling.
A 3D calibration method was developed for a mobile laser scanning system developed in Finland. The measurement accuracy was validated using a robotic total station for reference measurements, with comparison of reference points with the triangulated surface measured by the laser scanning system. The calibration results are presented and analyzed. Propagation of random and systematic errors is analyzed mathematically. The adequacy of the accuracy is discussed while comparing the results to the tolerance requirements set by the owner, the Finnish Road Administration. The use of the laser scanning system in a design-buildmaintenance-operate project of a motor way in Finland is briefly illustrated.
The paper introduces and discusses some results of a large active research project in Finland. In this part of the research the aim was to develop an automated total process for deep or column stabilization. Based on work studies and other practical researches an economical analyze of latent economical benefits of automation for deep stabilization was made. Automation was found to have remarkable latent economic benefits in the development of deep stabilization. The evaluations and statistical calculations showed up to 20% of the direct costs could be saved by utilizing advanced techniques and methods in deep stabilization. Time savings, energy savings and environmental benefits were also remarkable.
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