No abstract

The Aim of this study is to verify the effects of adapted physical activity on the cardiorespiratory health and body composition of obese diabetic patients. Thirtytwo type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients (11 men, 21 women), aged 39-70 years, were randomly divided into two groups according to body mass index, group 1: 20 overweight subjects (BMI <30) and group 2: 12 obese subjects (BMI> 30) undergoing a program Adapted physical activity of moderate intensity to severe during 3 months at the rate of 3 sessions of one hour per week. The paired student's t-test was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention program on the 6-minute walk test, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, weight, waist circumference, total fat, and visceral and lean mass. After 3 months of the practice of adapted physical activities, we observed significant changes in their resting heart rate of-6.06 bpm (p<0.05), systolic blood pressure of-7.8 mmHg (p<0.05), fasting blood glucose of-86.68mg/dl (p<0.05), maximum oxygen consumption of +6.13ml / kg / min (p<0.05), total fat of-5.89% (p<0.05), weight of-8.27kg (p<0.05), body mass index of-5.17 kg/m2 (p<0.05) and waist circumference of-5.66 cm (p<0.05) and their muscular percentage increased significantly by + 9.17%. Regular physical activity allows type 2 diabetics patients to improve their cardiorespiratory fitness and change their body composition.

Objectives: The treatment of arterial hypertension requires a comprehensive care because it is necessary not only to take the prescribed medication but also to apply certain rules of hygiene. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a program of physical activity adapted to the morphological and physiological state of the hypertensive patients. Methods: An experimental study was conducted on a sample of 31 male hypertensive patients with an average age of 58.16 ± 3.7 years undergoing an aerobic and anaerobic physical activity program treadmill walking, cycling, ergonomics and aerobic exercise and muscle building exercises of moderate intensity, duration of forty-five minutes and a frequency of three times a week associated with low calorie nutrition education low in cholesterol and saturated fatty acids (bad fats) , low sodium rich in vegetables, fruits and vitamins for 4 months at the University Clinics of Kinshasa between January 2017and May 2017. Results: After 4 months of intervention, we found statistically significant reductions in weight-7.2 kg, waist circumference-7.61 cm, body mass index-5.42 kg/m2, visceral fat percentage-1.4%, systolic blood pressure-6 mmHg, low-density lipoprotein-22 mg/dL, triglyceride-26.7 mg/dL with the exception of high-density lipoprotein and muscle that statistically increased +7.42 mg/dL and +15.3% while diastolic blood pressure-3.4 mmHg was not statistically modified. Conclusion: The practice of adapted physical activities combined with nutritional education improves the morphological and physiological status of hypertensive patients.

Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities is a major public health problem. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in sedentary children and adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) in Kinshasa. A total of 440 children were selected for this study including 240 with ID (110 girls and 130 boys) and 200 children without ID (91 girls and 109 boys). The present study took place in five educational institutions including 4 special and one normal. The weight and height of the children were measured to allow us to calculate their body mass index. The logistic regression test was used to identify the determinants of overweight or obesity, and to measure the association strength of each determinant (odds ratio). This study reveals that boys with ID are at risk of developing overweight at age 12-14 (odd ratio = 1.33 [0.87-1.18]), 15-17 years (odd ratio = 2), 52 [1.61-2.55]) whereas in girls this risk begins already at the age of 6-11 (odd ratio = 1.28 [0.88-1.91]). With respect to obesity, we found that children with intellectual disabilities presented the risk of obesity at ages 6-11 (odd ratio = 1.84 [1.04-1.85]), 12-14 years (odd ratio = 1.41 [1.07-1.48]) and 15-17 years (odd ratio = 1.48 [1.23-1.73]). In addition, this study shows that ID subjects were significantly more obese than those with typical development. The risk of overweight and obesity is present in children and adolescents with intellectual disability. We suggest that a program based on diet and exercise can be introduced in Kinshasa special institutions to minimize the risk of overweight and obesity.

Objective: To verify the effects of functional rehabilitation associated with a program of physical activities adapted to the biomechanical parameters and perception of the effort of the elderly. Methods: A longitudinal experimental study of 30 elderly people living in the old people's home was conducted during a 6-month period from July 2017 to January 2018. It consisted in evaluating the biomechanical parameters and perception of the effort of older people a functional rehabilitation program associated with the practice of adapted physical activities. The parametric t test of student was used to compare the averages of different parameters of study before and after the intervention program.The statistical test results used were interpreted at the p <0.05 significance level for statistical decision making. Results: After 6 months of intervention, the elderly significantly improved their biomechanical parameters: balance (p = 0.002), rate (p < 0.01), walking speed (p = 0.03), strength and muscular strength of the limbs lower (p = 0.041), perception with effort (p = 0.03). This program also allowed them to reduce their risk of falling (p = 0.057) and to increase their motor autonomy (p = 0.003). Conclusion: This study shows that a biomechanical evaluation associated with functional rehabilitation improves the balance and motor autonomy of the elderly, which leads to an improvement in their quality of life.