The paper offers a critical survey of two main sorts of problems hindering the possibility of conceiving deontic logic as a suitable account of the logical behaviour of (sentences expressing) legal norms. The notion of "legal norm" is viewed as the main source of the first sort of problems: (a) the typological variety of legal norms requires an account both of the differing logical behaviour of (sentences expressing) differing legal norms, and of the relations which might hold amon them; (b) the ontologic, figure out a logical analysis of (sentences expressing) legal norms. The notion of "systemic legal validity" is viewed as the main source of the second sort of problems: Deontic logic does not provide suitable logical tools to account for legal phenomena like enactment, derogation, and conflicts between legal norms which rely on systemic legal validity. semantic, and epistemic features of legal norms shed dou % t on the very attempt to
I. Introductory RemarksThe widespread way of conceiving deontic logic as logic of norms is misleading.' Indeed such a view ignoresor at least does not provide any account ofthe variety of notions termed "norm" and the peculiarity of ontologic, semantic and epistemic problems to which differing notions of "norm" give rise.' Some authors distinguish between "deontic logic" and "logic of norms" using the former expression to term calculi which investigate the logical behaviour of norms by means of the logical behaviour of descriptive normative sentences (i.e., sentences which are conceived as describing valid norms), while using the latter expression to term calculi which investigate the logical behaviour of (sentences expressing) norms. I will not follow such a terminological distinction, though I will not ignore the conceptual distinction which underlies it.Such a view is maintained, just to mention an outstanding example, by Kalinowski who writes: "Puisque la logique dContique existe, quoique inachevCe et mPme imparfaite, alors elle est possible" (Kalinowski 1965, 81).
M uy pocas semanas después de su publicación, los días 6 y 7 de diciembre de 2007 se llevó a cabo en Brescia un encuentro para discutir Principia iuris. Teoria del diritto e della democrazia, de L. FERRAJOLI.
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