Introduction Globally an estimated 55.9 million abortions occur each year. The majority of abortions occur due to unintended pregnancies, which is a result of the non-use of family planning methods. World health organization recommends all clients to utilize modern contraceptive methods after any abortion procedure. However, post-abortion family planning utilization is still low in Ethiopia including the study area. Therefore, this study was expected to determine the utilization of post-abortion family planning and associated factors in Bahir Dar city health facilities in Northwest Ethiopia. Method Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 408 women from March 1 to April 30, 2019. Data were collected through face-to-face interview using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study participants. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered into epi data and exported to SPSS for further analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were employed. Those variables that had a p-value of less than 0.2 during the bivariate analysis were retained for the multivariable analysis. P-value and confidence interval were used to measure the level of significance on multi-variable analysis and those variables whose P-value, less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The finding of this study showed that the magnitude of post-abortion family planning (PAFP) utilization was 61% with 95% CI (55, 65). Secondary education level(AOR, 4.58; 95% CI (1.96, 10.69)), certificate and above education level (AOR, 3.06; 95% CI (1.32, 7.08)), Manual Vacuum Aspiration(MVA) (AOR, 7.05; 95% CI (2.94, 16.90)), both medication and Manual Vacuum Aspiration (AOR, 5.34; 95% CI (2.56, 11.13)) and received Post Abortion Family Planning (PAFP) counseling (AOR, 5.99; 95% CI (3.23, 11.18)) were significantly associated with PAFP utilization. Conclusion Post-abortion family planning utilization in Bahir Dar health facilities was low compared with the national figure. Secondary and above educational level, respondents who were managed by Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA), both Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA) and medication and receiving Post Abortion Family Planning (PAFP) counseling were predictors of post-abortion family planning service utilization.

Background Open defecation practice problem is rampant in most rural areas of developing countries, including Ethiopia. To combat this problem, the Ethiopian government implemented different sanitation interventions including Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene (CLTSH). The CLTSH approach is mainly aimed to eradicate open defecation practice through mobilizing the community to construct a latrine facility and utilize it. Although this intervention has significantly improved households’ access to a latrine facility, its impact on bringing behavioral change such as avoiding open defecation is not well studied. Objective Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of open defecation among households having their latrine and its determinant factors in rural settings in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Machakal district from September 1 to 30, 2019. A total of 472 household heads who had a latrine facility and systematically selected from six rural Kebeles of the district, were involved in the study. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire and observational checklist tools through face-to-face interviews and observation methods. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were run to identify the factors that influence open defecation practice. During the multivariable analysis, statistical significance was declared at the p-value of <0.05 with 95% CI. Results The prevalence of open defecation practice among household heads who had latrine facility was 27.8% (95% CI, [23.1–32.8]). Female gender (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI [1.13–7.68]), not attending of formal education (AOR = 3.10, CI 95% [1.34–7.13]), having >5 family members (AOR = 1.72, CI 95% [1.05–2.80]), presence of under-five child (AOR = 3.64 CI 95% [2.14–6.21]), preferring leaf as anal cleaning material (AOR = 3.18, CI 95% [1.67–6.08]), having unclean latrine (AOR = 2.15, CI 95% [1.34–3.44]), and having latrine that needs maintenance (AOR = 2.50 CI 95% [1.52–4.11]) variables were associated with open defecation practice. Conclusions Among the total respondents, finding more than a quarter of open defecators is concerning for a district that achieved greatly in terms of latrine coverage. This indicates the above-mentioned factors contributed to influence household heads to defecate openly despite having latrines. Therefore, the government and partners need to focus on designing strategies that effectively address determinant factors of open defecation.

The contemporaneous effect of natural and anthropogenic factors involved in a watershed contribution to the seasonal and spatial variation of diatom community composition is widely discussed in the scientific literature. Yet, there is a paucity of scientific evidence indicating the effect of these factors on diatoms in tropical African regions characterized by distinct dry and wet seasons and season associated human activities like rainfed agriculture are commonly practiced. We applied multivariate techniques to determine the spatio-temporal drivers of diatom assemblage and diatom species richness in human influenced rivers and streams in Ethiopia. We simultaneously collected water and diatom samples from 24 sampling points during the wet (July) and dry (February) seasons. Both water and diatom samples were processed following standard procedures. We identified 169 species belonging to 45 genera in the studied lotic systems. We found that both season and land use factors were important in defining diatom composition (PERMANOVA, p<0.05) and species richness (ANOVA, p<0.05) patterns. Diatom community composition was driven by conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity parameters (Monte Carlo permutation test, p<0.05). Besides, diatom species richness was driven by dissolved oxygen, soluble reactive phosphorus, and turbidity (GLMM, p<0.05). The study highlighted physicochemical parameters influenced by seasonal variation and human activity determined the composition of diatoms. This implies that the unique feature of heavy rain during the rainy season in the region followed by extensive flooding aggravated by the steep slope from the highlands to the lowlands plays a major role in shaping the diatom autecology in the region. Therefore, in applying biomonitoring in such regions considering the effect of runoff and dilution is imperative.

Difficulty in adhering to the recommended diet is a common problem in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Dietary non-adherence among diabetic individuals leads to diabetes related complication and death. As far as our search established, there is a scarcity of scientific evidence of dietary non-adherence of individuals with diabetes to the recommended diet in Ethiopia, specifically in the Northwest part of the country. Hence, this study aims to assess the dietary non-adherence and associated factors among individuals with diabetes at Felege-Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 systematically selected individuals with diabetes following their treatment from March to April 2017. Quantitative data were collected using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. The dependent variable association with explanatory variables was determined using logistic regression. Statistical significance was considered at p-value <0.05 with 95% CI. The overall proportion of dietary non-adherence among participants was 46.8% (95% CI: 41.1–52.0). Living rurally (AOR = 3. 75; 95% CI: 2.12–6.63), duration of diabetes less than 5 years (AOR = 2. 81; 95% CI: 1.22–6.50), did not receive nutritional education (AOR = 5. 88; 95% CI: 3.30–10.48), poor social support (AOR = 3. 84; 95% CI: 1.74–8.46) and did not make choices when eating out (AOR = 3. 49; 95% CI: 2.09–5.81) were significantly associated with dietary non-adherence. Nearly half of the individuals with diabetes involved in this study did not adhere to the recommended diet. This problem could be addressed through the provision of nutritional education and strengthening social support to adhere to diabetes dietary recommendations. Therefore, health professional and nutritional educators should take appropriate action to increase the proportion of dietary adherence of individuals with diabetes.