This article reports on an original study exploring the experiences of Black Caribbean youth who have navigated the child protection system in Ontario, Canada and discusses their reflections on the significance of caregiver's race in their experiences of out-of-home care. In 2015, the Children's Aid Society of Toronto (CAST) released data showing Black youth as representing 40.8% of youth in their care despite the Black population only accounting for 8.5% of the Toronto population. The same report indicated that 72% of Black children in out-of-home care with this agency were in foster or kinship homes with Black caregivers (CAST, 2015). Data on caregivers' race for other agencies in Ontario is currently unavailable to the public (OHRC, 2018). However, a growing collection of anecdotal accounts from Black youth and their families suggests that it is common for Black youth in out-of-home care in Ontario to be placed in homes with White caregivers
This research paper presents a critical review of scholarly and policy literature discussing the relationship between climate change and migration. Focusing specifically on Small Island Developing States (SIDS), the climate change discourses of vulnerability and resiliency as they commonly operate are explored. A case study of Kiribati – a low-lying SIDS in the Pacific – is used to illustrate the complexities of climate change and the migration decisions of populations presently experiencing climate change. A discourse analysis focusing on how different stakeholders’ understandings of Kiribati as vulnerable and resilient influence the agency and migration decisions of the people of Kiribati is conducted. This research utilizes concepts from climate justice theoretical literature as a framework for understanding vulnerability, resiliency, and responses to climate change.
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