Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an inflammatory molecule that is involved in immune responses, inflammation, and cancer. Recent evidence suggests that PTX3 plays a critical role in tumor progression; however, its impact on the biological function of gliomas remains unknown. In the present study, immunohistochemical staining showed that patients with high-grade gliomas exhibited increased expression levels of PTX3 compared to those with low-grade gliomas (P < 0.001). Furthermore, knockdown of PTX3 in GBM8401 cells inhibits proliferation, increases p21 protein levels, and decreases cyclin D1 protein levels, resulting in cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. In addition, knockdown of PTX3 significantly decreases GBM8401 cell migration and invasion through the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -2 (MMP-1 and MMP-2) expression. In a GBM8401 xenograft animal model, PTX3 knockdown decreases tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, PTX3 plays an important role in glioma cell proliferation and invasion, and may thus serve as a novel potential therapeutic target in the treatment of gliomas.
The N-phenyl-substituted hexaaza[1(6)]paracyclophane (3, hexamer) has been synthesized successfully in two steps and the noncoplanar conformation was calculated by gaussian program. The electrochemical properties exhibited lots of interesting results and each overlapping oxidative wave contained two-electron transfer.
Effect of N(6)-benzyladenine (BA) on tanshinone formation in callus cultures of Salvia miltiorrhiza was examined in an attempt to increase the productivity of the medicinal compound, cryptotanshinone. Primary callus was induced by culturing leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l(-1) of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in darkness. The callus proliferated further on MS basal medium containing 1.0 mg l(-1) 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l(-1) BA and was analyzed for cryptotanshinone by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC results indicated that it contained small amounts of cryptotanshinone (0.26+/-0.05 mg/g dry wt). Omission of 2,4-D from the medium resulted in a marked increase in the content of cryptotanshinone in callus. The HPLC analysis revealed that the content of cryptotanshinone in the callus cultured on the MS basal medium supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg l(-1) of BA was significantly higher than the marketed crude drug (processed underground parts of S. miltiorrhiza). Maximum yield of cryptotanshinone (4.59+/-0.09 mg/g dry wt) was observed in the callus cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.2 mg l(-1) BA for 60 d. Cryptotanshinone was isolated from callus through silica gel column chromatography followed by preparative TLC and characterized based on NMR and mass spectral data.
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