The construction industry has been known for many decades as a high-risk industry with low levels of innovation and reluctance to adopt change. Common causes of construction accidents are associated with human error, hazardous work activities, defective equipment and dangerous working environments. However, to provide a better and safe working environment, the industry can exploit the benefits of emerging health and safety technologies. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of various emerging technologies and how they can be used to improve construction health and safety management. The paper reviewed extensive literature from previous studies on emerging technologies and interventions for construction job site safety such as; Virtual Reality (VR), online databases, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Building Information Modelling (BIM), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), 4D Computer-Aided Design (4D CAD), wearables, robotics, laser scanning, photogrammetry and sensor-based technologies. Furthermore, these technologies were grouped into three categories; people technologies, process technologies and environmental technologies for better analysis. Keywords such as 'construction health and safety technologies', 'digital technologies' and 'emerging technologies' were used to search online databases. This study identified emerging technologies and their application in the construction industry to improve health and safety.
The purpose of this study was to develop a client-driven H&S rating model to be used by construction clients to improve their overall project H&S performance. The attitude of clients towards H&S is critical in the overall H&S improvement effort on construction projects. This hypothesis was tested and verified using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM). Using the framework of factors from previous studies, a survey method was adopted for collecting data for this study. Contrary to the findings of the previous studies, the final CB-SEM results suggested that the contractual H&S arrangement is the only construct which has a direct effect on project H&S performance. Mediation hypothesis testing was performed, and results were that attitude and selection of contractors based on their historical health and safety performance have an indirect effect of project health and safety performance. The study was limited to a selection of projects for a range of clients executed by a major construction contracting organization. The study highlighted the urgent need to change the traditional mind-set that H&S is the responsibility of the construction contractors alone.
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