Abstract. Syahidah T, Rizali A, Prasetyo LB, Pudjianto, Buchori D. 2020. Short Communication: Landscape composition alters parasitoid wasps but not their host diversity in tropical agricultural landscapes. Biodiversitas 21: 1702-1706. The diversity of parasitoid wasps and their hosts in an agricultural landscape is affected by crop management and habitat conditions around crop fields. The composition of agricultural landscapes that are dominated by non-crop or natural habitats are assumed to be able to support the presence of parasitoid wasps as biological control of pests. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of landscape composition on the diversity of parasitoid wasps and their hosts in agricultural landscapes. The research observations were conducted on six fields of long-bean cultivation located in Bogor District, West Java Province, Indonesia. Parasitoid wasps were collected by hand-collecting of their hosts (lepidopteran larvae) within 60 m distance transect to each long-bean field. In total, 17 species of parasitoid wasps and 12 species of lepidopteran larvae were found from all agricultural landscapes. A parasitoid wasp, Microplitis manilae was found in all long-bean fields (except Bantarjaya) and only parasitized the tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura). The tomato looper, Chrysodeixis chalcites had the highest associated parasitoids and was also parasitized by Braconidae sp5 which was also a parasitoid of S. litura. Based on the analysis results, the patch numbers of natural habitats had a positive effect on the diversity of parasitoid wasps and had no effect on the diversity of lepidopteran larvae. In conclusion, landscape compositions with patchy natural habitats have an important role to preserve beneficial insects and maintain ecosystem services in tropical agricultural landscapes.
Land-use change and habitat fragmentation are well-known to affect host-parasitoid interactions. However, the study of the effects of landscape composition, as a result of habitat fragmentation, on host-parasitoid food webs is still limited especially in a tropical agricultural landscape. This research was aimed to study the effect of agricultural landscape composition on the structure of host-parasitoid food webs. Field research was conducted in sixteen long-bean fields located in Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia. In each long-bean field, sampling of insect pests and their parasitoids was carried out using direct observation within a plot size of 25 m × 50 m. The collected insects were brought to the laboratory for rearing and observed for emerging parasitoids. Landscape composition of each long-bean field was measured by digitizing the whole patch within a radius of 500 m from the long-bean field as a center of landscape, and landscape parameters were then quantified by focusing on number of patches and class area of both semi-natural habitats and crop fields. In total, we found 51 morphospecies of insect pests and 110 morphospecies of associated parasitoids from all research locations. Lepidopteran pests are the most abundant and species-rich with 35 morphospecies and with 76 morphospecies of parasitoids. Based on the generalized linear models, landscape composition especially class area of natural habitat and crop field showed a positive relationship with host-parasitoid food-web structure especially on connectance and compartment diversity. In conclusion, landscape composition contributes to shaping the host-parasitoid food-webs in a tropical agricultural landscape.
Complexity and structure of a landscape influence the presence of insect parasitoids in agricultural landscapes. Landscape structures are often formed from semi-natural habitat fragmentation, which can reduce the richness and abundance of insect parasitoid and affect their ability to suppress pest population. This study was aimed to study the effect of landscape structure on the diversity and abundance of insect parasitoids in long beans fields. In six agricultural regions, landscape parameters were calculated, i.e class area (CA), a number of patches (NumP), and mean patch size (MPS). Insect samplings were conducted using transect methods and direct collection. Results of landscape complexity did not affect the species richness of parasitoid, but it did affect the species composition. The results showed that the higher the CA of the tree, the higher the percentage of parasitization, but the higher the CA of agriculture, the lower the percentage of parasitization. This shows that there are landscape parameter indicators that can be used as a key to see the presence of parasitoids so that they can provide an indication of sustainability. Therefore, landscape structure must consider the importance of landscape management habitats for the conservation of natural enemies especially insect parasitoid as a biological control agent to create sustainable landscapes.
Landscape structure and composition are an important part of a landscape’s character which can affect the presence of predators and parasitoids, and influence the effectiveness of biological control. This study aims to examine the relationship between landscape features and the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids using long bean plants as a model. Sampling was conducted in a 50 m x 25 m plots. In each plot, 4 transects, each 50 m in length, were used to sample insects. Insects were collected using yellow pan traps, malaise traps, and direct hand collections. Overall, a total of 4.792 individuals of Hymenoptera parasitoids were collected, which consisted of 28 families and 256 species. Results showed that landscape characteristics influence the diversity, abundance, and evenness index. Diversity index and evenness are higher in landscape that is dominated by agricultural class area. The abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoid was higher in the landscape that is characterized by tree class areas compared to the agricultural class area.
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