Background: Urinary incontinence is a very common problem in postpartum women. In the literature, about 38 to 43% of postpartum females experience urinary incontinence (UI). Postpartum UI usually occurs due to bladder injury, nerve injury, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction or damage to urethra during delivery. In women having C-section, UI is most probably occurs due to instability of detrusor muscle resulting from vesical denervation. Others risks factors involve in development of UI are fetal factors, operative vaginal delivery and antenatal bladder neck mobility due to pelvic floor muscles (PFM) dysfunction and connective tissue weakness. Lower backache (LBP) is also very common in postpartum females due to joint laxity, weakness of connective tissue, loosening of ligaments and strained abdominal muscles due to enlargement of uterus. There’s a coexisting link between low back pain and UI in postpartum females. Objective: To find association between the severity of urinary incontinence and low back pain in women after postpartum period. Methodology: In this study Quota sampling technique was used. Participants divided into two groups, one group with females having low back pain after postpartum period while other group was having females without low back pain after postpartum period. Participants were provided with questionnaires for urinary incontinence to find out the association between severity of UI and LBP. The questionnaires were self-administered and were provided in English language. Some participants were illiterate, thus questionnaires were filled from them by asking questions verbally. Results: Statistics of ICIQ-UI score was checked by applying Fisher’s exact test, The null hypothesis was not rejected because the p-value was > 0.05, indicating that there was no significant association between UI and LBP in females after their postpartum period Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that there is no significant association found between UI and low back pain in women after postpartum period. Keywords: Postpartum period. Urinary incontinence (UI), Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), Low back pain (LBP), Pelvic girdle pain (PGP), Pelvic floor muscles (PFM), Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD)
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder, which impacts and effects body's multiple system. Female with more fat deposition in her body and higher body mass index (BMI) will eventually face metabolic disorders like polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes and urinary incontinence (UI). Muscles in the pelvic floor are susceptible and sensitive to androgen and are easily stimulated by presence or increased levels of androgen and due to hyperandrogenemia muscle mass increases and eventually pressure on Levator Ani and urethral sphincter increases and it causes muscle weakness in the pelvic floor and urinary incontinence and patients often complains with urine leakage. Objective: To describe the association between urinary incontinence and the body mass index with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methodology: The study was analytical cross-sectional study. This study included the sample of 113 nulliparous females having age between 18-45 years. Quota sampling technique was used in this study. Participants were divided into two groups, in one group females with diagnosed PCOS were taken and in other quota we had females without PCOS condition. We provided them the International Incontinence Consultation Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), which is a specific questionnaire that assesses the problem of UI symptoms. Results: ICIQ-SF statistics were checked applying chi-square testing. Results showed value less than Alpha value which was 5% (0.05) so, the results were statistically significant and alternate hypothesis was accepted which showed UI and BMI had a significant relation with PCOS. This study will be beneficial in creating awareness among society that endocrine system and body mass index play important role in causing Urinary Incontinence and other health issues. Conclusion: According to this study's findings, there is a strong correlation between UI and BMI with PCOS. Keywords: Urinary incontinence (UI), Body mass index (BMI), Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence (ICIQ-UI), Pelvic Floor Dysfunction (PFD).
To determine the translation and validation of questionnaire FADI into Urdu.METHODS:It was a cross cultural adaptation study. Data of 130 patients of age 16 to 50 year, was taken from hospital, general population or the people who are visiting orthopedic surgeon in the duration of 6 months. Guidelines of Gullimen F have been followed by researcher for this study. RESULTS:The results remained in the favor of Urdu translation. Value of the cronbach alpha coefficient (0.96-0.97) showed the excellent internal consistency. Composite reliability (CR) i.e 0.964 indicates excellent validity. Average variance extracts (AVE) (0.532) which indicates that all the items are having acceptable convergent validity. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) value (0.966) indicates the excellent consistency. P value of FADI index 1.000 and P value of Urdu score .059 showed that there is non-significant difference of mean Urdu score with English score. Kappa statistics of all the items are mentioned in statistical results.CONCLUSION:This study concluded that The FOOT & ANKLE DISABILITY INDEX (FADI) QUESTIONNAIRE converted in Urdu have excellent internal consistency, high reliability of the items, excellent validity and acceptable convergent validity.
To determine the translation and validation of questionnaire FADI into Urdu.METHODS:It was a cross cultural adaptation study. Data of 130 patients of age 16 to 50 year, was taken from hospital, general population or the people who are visiting orthopedic surgeon in the duration of 6 months. Guidelines of Gullimen F have been followed by researcher for this study. RESULTS:The results remained in the favor of Urdu translation. Value of the cronbach alpha coefficient (0.96-0.97) showed the excellent internal consistency. Composite reliability (CR) i.e 0.964 indicates excellent validity. Average variance extracts (AVE) (0.532) which indicates that all the items are having acceptable convergent validity. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) value (0.966) indicates the excellent consistency. P value of FADI index 1.000 and P value of Urdu score .059 showed that there is non-significant difference of mean Urdu score with English score. Kappa statistics of all the items are mentioned in statistical results.CONCLUSION:This study concluded that The FOOT & ANKLE DISABILITY INDEX (FADI) QUESTIONNAIRE converted in Urdu have excellent internal consistency, high reliability of the items, excellent validity and acceptable convergent validity.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus were define by WHO (world health organization) that “It is a metabolic syndrome which is characterized by prolonged increase in blood glucose level due to any abnormality in insulin action or release of insulin. It is also known as noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)”According to American diabetic Association (ADA) in 2004, the symptoms of long term increase glucose level in blood includes frequent urination, increase thirst, excessive hunger and blurry sight. Methodos: Quasi Experimental study design without control group,the duration for the study was 4 months.The study was conducted at Physiotherapy Department, Ghurki trust and teaching hospital. Blood glucose level, Glucose meter and treadmill runningwere outcome measures. Convenient sampling technique was used, 42 subjects were included in study. They were recruited from Ghurki Trust and Teaching Hospital. Diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus type 2 were eligible. Patients, who fulfil the inclusion criteria, were interviewed and examined by the diabetic clinician in Ghurki trust and teaching hospital. By using convenient sampling method the subject was selected to perform the task. The experimental procedure last for half an hour includes 5 minutes warm up 20 minutes treadmill run and 5 minutes of cool down. In warm up and cool down period mild stretching exercise, active ROM and breathing exercise for 5 minutes Selected Individuals was run on treadmill at a speed of 8km/hour (5miles per hour) for 20 minutes after doing warm up exercise. Conclusion: The aerobic exercise intervention is an effective tool to control the noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus as it lower the blood glucose level but exercise must be performed regularly to have good results. Most of the patients with controlled diabetes are able to perform aerobic exercise safely as long as some precautionary measure is taken. Increase physical activity is a key for good health in patients with type 2 diabetes
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