Communication skills of pediatric residents are generally inadequate. Structured training programs will help to improve their communication skills. There is a need to incorporate communication skills training in the pediatric postgraduate curriculum.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is multi-organ syndrome that affects 6–25% of females during reproductive age. It disrupts normal hormone levels of females and affects adrenal hormone and sex hormones along with pituitary hormones including adrenocorticotropic, growth hormone and gonadotropins hormones. It results in several secondary characteristics in females such as infertility, hormonal imbalance, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, obesity and hirsutism. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is associated with mental and reproductive disorder and almost 4–18% mature female students are affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome. Female affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome have increased risk of infertility, ovarian cancer, skin problems and psychological problems such as anxiety, depression and changes in sleep along with mood swings. This chapter discusses the Prevalence, Symptomatology and Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. For the management of PCOS, the role of some medicinal plants including Asparagus racemosus, Tinospora cordifolia, Foeniculum vulgare, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Actaea racemosa, and Lepidium meyenii have also been discussed in addition to other treatment modalities. The literature data was searched out and compiled using relevant original research articles and reviews published and indexed in Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, Elsevier, PubMed and Science Direct.
Under the bilateral approach of the impact of dividend pay-outs with the mediating role of Agency variables, this paper tries to examine its effects on enterprise value, earning per share, stock performance (including Stock Return & Volatility). The mediation test performed by inspecting direct and indirect relationships of dividend pay-out, firm characteristics, and agency factors on a sample size of 130 Pakistani listed firms over eleven years. Results of a study expose the agency factors (such as free cashflows and total institutional ownership structure) role; free cash flow does not mediate the relationship of dividend pay-outs with earning per share and stock volatility separately. Total institutional ownership structure mediates dividend pay-out relation with enterprise value and stock return & volatility. These mixed results contribute to the current literature of finance, specifically in the Pakistani context being an emerging economy.
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