O feijoeiro é produzido em todas as regiões do território brasileiro, submetido à diversas condições climáticas e manejos e, em função disto, busca-se cultivares que apresentem elevada produtividade e adaptação ao local de cultivo. Posto isso, o objetivo do trabalho foi verificar o desempenho de diferentes genótipos de feijão comum, no período de outono-inverno em região de cerrado de baixa altitude em dois anos consecutivos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com 17 tratamentos, sendo 13 cultivares e 4 linhagens elites, com três repetições. Os genótipos CNFC 10762, CNFC 10729 e CNFP 10794, apresentaram bom comportamento na região, nos dois anos de cultivo, com boa perspectiva de serem lançados como novos cultivares. A instabilidade para a doença antracnose no cultivar TAA Bola Cheia desaconselha a utilização do mesmo na região estudada. A presença de interação genótipo x ambiente indica a necessidade a avaliação dos genótipos em vários anos e locais.
The contribution of plant residues to the soil is an essential requirement for the success of no-tillage systems, especially in areas with a tropical climate where the organic material decomposition rate is high. The type of straw present on the soil surface can influence the culture implanted subsequently, mainly with regard to the availability of nitrogen (N). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cultural remains of maize (exclusive or intercropped with cover crops) on the development and productivity of the common bean grown in succession and fertilized with different N doses. The experimental design was a randomized block arranged in a factorial scheme (5 × 4), with four replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of cultural remains of exclusive maize, maize + Crotalaria spectabilis, maize + Cajanus cajan, maize + Canavalia ensiformis, and maize + Urochloa ruziziensis cultivated previously and of four N rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1) applied to bean crops. The plots consisted of seven lines of 7.5 m length with 0.45 m spacing between the lines. The evaluated parameters were: dry matter of the plant cover, dry matter of the aerial part (beans), production components, weight of 100 grains, and grain yield. The intercropping of maize and cover crops promoted an increase in dry matter over the soil, compared to the exclusive maize crop. There was an increase in the dry matter of bean plants with the increase in N rates in the two years of cultivation; regarding productivity, there was an increment only in the first year of cultivation. The maize consortium with cover plants provided adequate soil cover, but did not influence the productivity of beans cultivated in succession in the two years of cultivation.
The spread of the conservationist agriculture system involving green fertilization, crop rotation, and no-tillage has altered the dynamics of production, which can benefit the development and productivity of the successor crop, as well as the N fertilizer economy. In this context, the objective of this experiment was to study the effect of single maize cropping and maize intercropping with four cover crops in conjunction with the application of N doses under cover on wheat. The experiment was carried out in 2015 and 2017, in an experimental area using a 5 × 4 factorial randomized block experimental design with four replicates. Treatments consisted of the combination of five cover crops (maize, maize + Crotalaria spectabilis, maize + Cajanus cajan, maize + Canavalia ensiformis, and maize + Urochloa ruziziensis) with four N doses (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1) in no-tillage wheat production. The main production components and yield of wheat were evaluated. It was concluded that the plant residues of maize + Canavalia ensiformis and maize + Urochloa ruziziensis enhanced the yield of wheat cultivated in the winter of 2015 and 2017, when compared with the other treatments. The effect of N doses on wheat grain yield was positive (with significant increase in grain yield) and the maximum average was obtained with the application of 74 and 86 kg ha-1 of N in 2015 and 2017, respectively.
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