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Phthalocyanines are of a broad interest in photovoltaic applications. In this study, films of titanium-phthalocyanine-chloride (TiPcCl2) were prepared by the thermal evaporation method.The molecular structure was studied by Raman spectrometer, showing a match between the spectra of the powder and the prepared films. The films' surface was examined by the atomic force microscope, revealing grain size and surface roughness of TiPcCl2 thin films to be 223 and 41 nm, respectively, for a 100 nm thickness. The energy gap was determined to be 1.5 eV, with no observable effect by the thickness change. Additionally, the linear and nonlinear optical constants were calculated from reflectance and transmittance measurements. The values of third nonlinear susceptibility are in order of 10 -12 esu, which is compatible with other phthalocyanines.The nonlinear optical constants indicate that TiPcCl2 films could also be used for optical laser limiters.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films doped with erbium chloride (ErCl 3 ) have been prepared by casting from their aqueous solutions. The structure of the doped samples as well as the interactions between the host PVA and Er +3 was investigated using FTIR spectroscopy. The optical measurement was recorded at room temperature in the range from 200 nm to 2000 nm. FTIR measurements revealed that Er +3 forms complex configuration within the PVA structure. PVA doped with 9 wt% of ErCl 3 exhibits energy gap and refractive index of 5.1 eV and 1.72, respectively. The effect of the doping increment of ErCl 3 on the optical parameters has been discussed.

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