Frequency diverse arrays (FDA) are recently introduced. Not only the phased array and frequency scanning arrays, but also FDA provides electronic beam scanning ability. Moreover, electronic beam scanning is provided without the use of phase shifters or vector modulators. Nevertheless, reported studies on this concept do not provide practically implementable results. In this paper, fundamental expressions of the FDA operation and its typical implementation schemes are reviewed, and an ultimately useful scheme for implementing and FDA is introduced based on linear frequency modulated continuous waveform (LFMCW). The mathematical foundations of LFMCW FDA are developed and used to design a basic proof of concept structure. This structure is also implemented and the measurements related to the implementation are presented with discussions on the results.Index Terms-Frequency diverse arrays (FDA), linear frequency modulated continuous waveform (LFMCW), phased array structures.
Integration of the ferrite devices in the RF front-end and active antennas is hindered by the need for external magnets, biasing soft microwave ferrites. The hexaferrite-based self-biased nonreciprocal devices can operate without external magnets at mm-wave frequencies but the currently available hexaferrite materials inflict high RF losses at lower frequencies, particularly in the wireless communication bands. In this paper, the parameters of La-Co-substituted hexaferrite compounds are used for the self-biased circulators in the low GHz frequency bands, and a means of the dissipation loss reduction are discussed.
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