A pattern reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna emitting at 3.1 GHz is presented in this study. The beam can be steered at 6 degrees, 8 degrees, 14 degrees, and 171 degrees. Three P-i-N diodes are employed in the slots of the ground plane to help steer the beam direction. By changing the state of the three diodes, five states can be obtained. The TE01δ mode is excited using a differential feed technique. Differential feed helps in increasing the gain and reducing the size of the structure. The return loss of each state is less than −25 dB. The gain of the first state is 7.65 dBi, the second and fifth state’s gain is 8.22 dBi, third and fourth state’s gain is 10.6 dBi. This Antenna is designed using Rogers RO4003C material which has low Electrical gravity, low voltage, and high oxidation resistance that makes it appropriate for RF applications. The properties required for RF microwave circuits, matching networks, and controlled impedance transmission lines are present in the RO4003C material. Annealed copper is used for designing the ground plane and feedline which provides excellent conductivity. The antenna is fabricated using the chemical etching process which employs a positive photoresist that gives a higher resolution accuracy for the designed antenna. This process of fabrication has another advantage of inculcating structures from simpler to complex.
A smart city is the future goal of providing cleaner and better services to society. Smart underground infrastructure is an important feature to consider when implementing a smart city. Monitoring the drainage system plays a vital role in keeping the city clean and healthy. The supervision is incompetent, this results in slow treatment of drainage problems and takes more time to resolve. In order to alleviate all of these problems, the system is being developed with a wireless sensor network consisting of sensor nodes. The project aims to design a well management system using IOT that will notify the management station via email when a well exceeds its thresholds, and the system will also monitor the data from the sensors on the LCD module, the system will reduce the risk of death for manual collectors that clean the underground drain and also benefits the public. The project uses a water level sensor, a water flow sensor, an SR04 ultrasonic sensor, a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, an Arduino UNO atmega328 microcontroller and a Raspberrypi3 processor. This project "MANHOLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM" helps to send signals from sensors. This project consists of Raspberry Pi3 and Arduino Uno, the two microcontrollers that are connected to each other.The signals received by the Arduino from the sensors are converted from analog signals into digital signals with the help of the ADC on the Arduino board and then processed and sent to the Raspberry Pi, it takes this as input data and the Raspberry Pi is sent to an E. -Mail to the appropriate authority. The status of the project is displayed on the LCD module.
ABSTRACT:Frequency is one of the important parameters to be intercepted for the hostile radars. Digital instantaneous frequency measurement (DIFM) receiver is the mostly used frequency receiver in EW system. The main concern of the DIFM Rx is: Low sensitivity, Low frequency accuracy and fails to handle simultaneous (time overlapped) signals.Sensitivity refers to the minimum RF level at the input of the receiver channel. To do this, a decision making process must take place. The decision is the crossing of a voltage threshold set at a level above the noise floor, representing the number of decibels above random noise that a voltage, signal or noise must attain to assure a certain false alarm rate.The setting of threshold is an important factor in establishing the receiver operating sensitivity, since the higher it is set to reduce false alarms, the greater the signal amplitude necessary to be recognized as a signal to be processed. The proposed design aims to find out the method to improve the Constant False Alarm Rate detector performance by increasing the threshold value and simultaneously enhancing the sensitivity of the system. This technique will be analyzed in MATLAB and implemented on FPGA based digital board through VHDL.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.