Natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) produced herein this work by mixing betaine and alanine with lactic acid and malic acid with 1:1 molar mixing ratios. Thermophysical properties including water content, thermal stability, density and gas solubility of CO 2 and N 2 were experimented at different isotherms for wide pressures range up to 50 bars. Moreover, detailed rheological experiments were conducted on the studied materials to obtain viscosity and deduce the dynamic flow behavior. A pressure driven physisorption mechanism was observed for the studied systems. Betaine based NADES materials showed superior carbon dioxide and nitrogen solubility when they are mixed with lactic acid. On the other hand, the rheological experimental results show shear-thinning effect in which the η is decreasing with shear rate at all temperatures. Low viscosity profiles NADES assure the less mass transfer resistance for lactic acid based NADES systems and it also confirmed that the high CO 2 and N 2 solubility for lactic acid based NADES samples.

A potential of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) produced with the mixture of choline chloride with lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid and fructose is studied in this work. Experimental techniques are used to collect thermophysical property data including water content, thermal strength, density and gas solubility of CO2 and N2 data at pressures up to 50 bars. Detailed rheological measurements and various models have been studied to describe the dynamic flow behavior. Moreover, a density functional theory (DFT) and classical molecular dynamics (MD) methods have been used for investigating the physicochemical properties, structuring, dynamics and interfacial behavior of the studied NADES from the nanoscopic point of view to infer its viability for extensive usage. The rheological experimental results show usual shear‐thinning effect in which the η is decreasing with shear rate at all temperatures. A trend of studied NADES viscosity profiles were found as very similar to that of common ionic liquids that were previously, where the viscosities of all studied NADES decreased with increasing temperature. DFT simulations yielded with an accurate quantification of short‐range interaction but liquid state is also characterized by middle and long‐range interaction together with volumetric effects. Molecular orientations were quantified by radial distribution functions and the developed interactions are topologically characterized.

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The thermodynamic and kinetic hydrates inhibition effects of addition of synergents poly­(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and vinyl caprolactum (VCAP) with ionic liquids 1-methyl-1-propyl­pyrrolidinium chloride [PMPy]­[Cl] and 1-methyl-1-propyl­pyrrolidinium triflate [PMPy]­[triflate] were studied on a synthetic quaternary gas mixture (methane, C1 = 84.20%; ethane, C2 = 9.90%; n-hexane, C6+ = 0.015%; CO2 = 2.46%; N2 = 2.19%). The results show that the addition of synergents with ionic liquids helps to improve their thermodynamic and kinetic hydrate inhibition effectiveness simultaneously.

Intracellular ionic strength regulates myriad cellular processes that are fundamental to cellular survival and proliferation, including protein activity, aggregation, phase separation, and cell volume. It could be altered by changes in the activity of cellular signaling pathways, such as those that impact the activity of membrane-localized ion channels or by alterations in the microenvironmental osmolarity. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of sensitive tools for real-time monitoring of intracellular ionic strength. Here, we developed a bioluminescence-based intracellular ionic strength sensing strategy using the Nano Luciferase (NanoLuc) protein that has gained tremendous utility due to its high, long-lived bioluminescence output and thermal stability. Biochemical experiments using a recombinantly purified protein showed that NanoLuc bioluminescence is dependent on the ionic strength of the reaction buffer for a wide range of ionic strength conditions. Importantly, the decrease in the NanoLuc activity observed at higher ionic strengths could be reversed by decreasing the ionic strength of the reaction, thus making it suitable for sensing intracellular ionic strength alterations. Finally, we used an mNeonGreen–NanoLuc fusion protein to successfully monitor ionic strength alterations in a ratiometric manner through independent fluorescence and bioluminescence measurements in cell lysates and live cells. We envisage that the biosensing strategy developed here for detecting alterations in intracellular ionic strength will be applicable in a wide range of experiments, including high throughput cellular signaling, ion channel functional genomics, and drug discovery.