This paper tries to describe the chronolgy of settlement in Loyang Ujung Karang site by using stratigraphic data from excavation data in 2010, 2011, and 2012, to correlate it with the archaeological data, five human remains found from different burial systemand radiocarbon dating results.From the pottery, human remains, leaf casting and woven rattan found in this cave showed that cave was inhabited before 4400 + 120 BP. This site was abandoned around 2590 + 120 BP because there was a flood inside the cave during the rise of Lut Tawar Lake surface level.This site then reoccupied between 2590 + 120 BP until 1900 + 100 BP based on the burial remains. Further occupation could not be determinated because it is not analyzed yet. However, based on Ming’s ceramicwas found, shows us that this cave was inhabited continually from 4280 BP until 200B.
In Central of Aceh, there were an indications of the use of cave and rock shelter as a prehistoric settlement site. Indications of prehistoric settlement site was found among others in Loyang Mendali, Loyang Koro, Loyang Datu and also in Putri Pukes. To prove that indication, further research has been done with the excavation of the cave and rock shelter. Therefore, Balai Arkeologi Medan did the excavation in one of the cave, Loyang Mendali and obtained some data that provided an initial description on prehistoric settelment in Central Aceh.
Batak traditional settlements around Toba Lake have pattern and specific forms. Those are very influenced by some supporting factors, ie. environment factors, landform, potential resources and accessibility. There are also important elements that must be exist within.That elements a result of the adaptation process of Batak Toba communities to their environment.
The evidence of prehistoric life in Aceh has been proven by the results of archeological research conducted by the North Sumatra Archaeological Institute. Until now, the research only focuses on the eastern coast and the central mountains of Aceh. The western coast of Aceh, which also has the potential to provide information, has never been studied. The western coast of Aceh is an area that has a wide karst landscape with many caves that might be used as a settlement in the past. One method used to predict such caves included a topographic map, a geological map, and a digital elevation model (DEM). The inventory results of caves on the western coast of Aceh were also used as preliminary data to obtain the distribution of caves and rock shelters. In this study, the area surveyed was Aceh Besar Regency. Three parameters of inhabited caves, i.e. morphology and genesis, environment, and archaeological content, were used to describe the potential of each cave. Of eleven caves and rock shelters, three caves are qualified as the past settlement and potential for further research, four caves are qualified as the past settlement but not potential for further research, and four caves are neither qualified as a settlement nor potential for further research.
Since the year 2009, the Archaeological Office of Medan has carried out various research in the hinterland of Aceh, at the Regency of Central Aceh. The research resulted in the finding of cave settlements that have been inhabited since 7000 thousand years ago. The data then raises a question on how people at that time found and settled there. This question later inspires a research trying to discover the possible route taken by the people at that time to reach the caves. A preliminary research was conducted at Bener Meriah Regency at the north of Central Aceh Regency by considering the existence of a river begins in the area and ends at the eastern coast of Aceh as well as the formation of limestone where caves and niches can be found. Lanscape archaeology approach is used in this paper to answer the question matter that focuses on physical and cultural aspects of the area. The rearch began with a topographic map study, a geological map, and digital elevation model (DEM). The second phase was a field survey to acquire caves and niches data and continued wth archaeological testing. The sites data was teh analyzed for potential archaeology and relation patterns between the sites and their surrounding. The provide pictorial description of such patterns, the nearest neighbouring analysis is used through the use of Arc-View 3.2 and ArcGIS 9.3 softwares with the extension of Network and Spatial analyses. The analyses of the settlement potential of the caves in Bener Meriah Regency show two caves of potential categori I, five caves of category II and four caves of no potential. The patterns of settlement are of scattered ones following the random patterns of limestone distribution.AbstrakSejak tahun 2009, Balai Arkeologi Medan telah mulai melakukan penelitian arkeologi di daerah pedalaman Aceh, tepatnya di Kabupaten aceh Tengah. Dari penelitian tersebut telah didapatkan adanya gua hunian yang telah dihuni sejak 7000 tahun yang lalu. Data tersebut tentunya memberikan pertanyaan bagaimana manusia dapat menemukan dan kemudian menghuni lokasi tersebut. Bertolak dari pertanyaan tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian yang ditujukan untuk mengetahui jalur yang kemungkinan digunakan oleh manusia pada masa itu hingga sampai pada lokasi tersebut. Sebagai tahap awal, penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Bener Meriah yang berada di bagian utara Kabupaten Aceh Tengah dengan memperhatikan pada keberadaan sungai yang berhulu di lokasi ini dan berhilir di pesisir timur Aceh dan formasi batugamping dimana gua dan ceruk dapat ditemukan. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut digunakan model pendekatan arkeologi lansekap yang memperhatikan pada beberapa aspek fisik serta budaya pada lokasi tersebut. Penelitian diawali dengan melakukan studi peta topografi, peta geologi, serta Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Tahap kedua adalah melakukan survei lapangan untuk mendapatkan data gua dan ceruk serta melakukan pengujian arkeologis. Dari data sebaran situs tersebut kemudian dianalisis potensi arkeologisnya dan analisis kemungkinan pola-pola hubungan antara situs dan lingkungannya. Untuk lebih menggambarkan hal tersebut digunakan juga analisis tetangga terdekat dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Arc-View 3.2 dan ArcGIS 9.3 dengan ekstensi Network Analysis dan Spasial Analysis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran tentang situs-situs gua yang potensial hunian dan gambaran tentang bentuk interaksi yang mungkin dilakukan dengan pendekatan arkeologi lingkungan.
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