A new application of the photodynamic treatment (PDT) is presented for the opening of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the brain clearing activation that is associated with it, including the use of gold nanoparticles as emerging photosensitizer carriers in PDT. The obtained results clearly demonstrate 2 pathways for the brain clearing: (1) using PDT-opening of BBB and intravenous injection of FITC-dextran we showed a clearance of this tracer via the meningeal lymphatic system in the subdural space; (2) using optical coherence tomography and intraparenchymal injection of gold nanorods, we observed their clearance through the exit gate of cerebral spinal fluid from the brain into the deep cervical lymph node, where the gold nanorods were accumulated. These data contribute to a better understanding of the cerebrovascular effects of PDT and shed light on mechanisms, underlying brain clearing after PDT-related opening of BBB, including clearance from nanoparticles as drug carriers.

No abstract

The lymphatic system of the brain meninges and head plays a crucial role in the clearance of amyloid-β protein (Aβ), a peptide thought to be pathogenic in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), from the brain. The development of methods to modulate lymphatic clearance of Aβ from the brain coild be a revolutionary step in the therapy of AD. The opening of the blood–brain barrier (OBBB) by focused ultrasound is considered as a possible tool for stimulation of clearance of Aβ from the brain of humans and animals. Here, we propose an alternative method of noninvasive music-induced OBBB that is accompanied by the activation of clearance of fluorescent Aβ (Fαβ) from the mouse brain. Using confocal imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and magnetic resonance tomography, we clearly demonstrate that OBBB by music stimulates the movement of Fαβ and Omniscan in the cerebrospinal fluid and lymphatic clearance of Fαβ from the brain. We propose the extended detrended fluctuation analysis (EDFA) as a promising method for the identification of OBBB markers in the electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns. These pilot results suggest that music-induced OBBB and the EDFA analysis of EEG can be a noninvasive, low-cost, labeling-free, clinical perspective and completely new approach for the treatment and monitoring of AD.

No abstract

No abstract

Fluorescent microscopy of the brain clearing from the FITC‐dextran (red color) via the meningeal lymphatic vessels (green color, labelled by specific antibodies LYVE‐1 conjugated with Alexa 488). The FITC‐dextran injected intravenously immediately is observed in the Sagittal sinus (the main cerebral vein) and after photodynamic opening of blood‐brain barrier it is also presented in the meningeal lymphatic vessels due to activation of brain clearing from accumulated the FITC‐dextran in the brain parenchyma. Further details can be found in the article by Oxana Semyachkina‐Glushkovskaya, Vladimir Chehonin, Ekaterina Borisova, et al. (https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201700287)

No abstract

Семячкина-Глушковская Оксана Валерьевна, доктор биологических наук, заведующий кафедрой физиологии человека и животных, доцент, Саратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет имени Н. Г. Чернышевского, Междисциплинарный центр критических технологий в медицине,