The aim of this study was to assess the anthropometric and physiometric indicators with an analysis of the body composition of young Yakuts of early and late puberty, living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (RS(Y)). Materials and Methods: A total of 184 indigenous youths aged from 14 to 17 years, permanently residing in RS(Y), were examined. The study used generally accepted methods: anthropometry, dynamometry, spirometry, caliperometry, and body composition assessment by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: Among Yakut youth living in RS(Y), an increase in musculoskeletal mass and a decrease in fat mass was observed in groups aged 14 to 17. In the period from 14 to 17 years, Yakut youth show significantly increased indicators of dynamometry, deadlift and vital lung capacity. The data above are accompanied by a decrease in the indicators of the content of fat mass and an increase in lean body mass, musculoskeletal mass and body cell mass. There is growth not only in skeletal muscles and skeleton, but also in the mass of internal organs. The data obtained will be used to develop an interval classification of body composition parameters for males of different ages in order to develop standards of physical development specifically for people living in RS(Y).
Ответственность за содержание статей несут авторы. Редакция не имеет возможности возвращать присылаемые материалы. За сведения в рекламных материалах редакция ответственности не несет. Перепечатка допускается только с разрешения редакции и с обязательной ссылкой на журнал «Устойчивое развитие горных территорий». Журнал зарегистрирован в Федеральной службе по надзору за соблюдением законодательства в сфере массовых коммуникаций и охраны культурного наследия.
The article discusses the features of the formation of the microelement composition of various genera of ordinary chernozems in the Central Caucasian Region. Their development takes place in peculiar conditions: mild temperate continental climate, non-leaching water regime, carbonate soil-forming rocks, forb-grass vegetation. Depending on the nature of the soil-forming rocks, ordinary and carbonate chernozems (on loess-like loams), solonetzic (on eluvium-deluvium of Maikop clays), and residual-carbonate chernozems (on eluvium of limestone and sandstone) are formed. The main soil-forming processes that determine the development of a system of soil compounds of microelements are humus formation and humus accumulation, claying, accumulation of Ca carbonates, and very weak ferruginization. The distribution of most of the microelements under consideration (Pb, Cu, Zn) in the soil profile is determined, first of all, by the processes of biogenic accumulation in the composition of low-mobility organic-mineral complexes with humic acids. The severity of the sorption geochemical barrier is weakened due to the uniform distribution of the clay fraction along the soil profile. In addition to the binding of microelements to the organic matter of soils, they are intensively fixed in the composition of carbonates. This leads to a decrease in the migration mobility of microelements in the soil profile and their inaccessibility to plants. The features of the formation of the microelement composition of ordinary chernozems in the Central Caucasian Region vary depending on the specifics of soil-forming deposits. In the case of soil occurrence on salt-bearing clay deposits, the solonetz process plays a decisive role, in the case of occur-rence of dense rocks on the eluvium, the proximity of carbonate deposits, and in the case of occurrence on loess-like loams, their increased porosity and water permeability.
The article discusses the features of changes in the microelement composition of urban soils of the Stavropol agglomeration under the influence of urban genesis. Urban genesis, as a combination of technogenesis and landscape genesis on the territory of urban development, affects many aspects of soil functioning. Their physical properties, chemical composition, structure and mutual arrangement of genetic horizons change. Of particular relevance is the establishment of the specifics of the transformation of the microelement composition of urban soils in connection with the environmental hazard of a significant amount of trace elements classified as heavy metals. The city of Stavropol is characterized by a complex type of development, which combines one-story and multistory buildings, industrial infrastructure, and household facilities. This leads to the formation of multidirectional flows of pollutants, most of which enters the soil or subsoils. The presence of a clearly defined slope relief in the central part of the city causes the redistribution of silty fractions with water and air flows in an easterly direction. At the same time, differences in the nature of soil-forming rocks for different parts of the city largely change the pattern of differentiation of microelements in the soils of the city, associated with the peculiarities of their fixation in the composition of soil compounds. For the northwestern and central regions of the city, where Sarmatian limestone-shell rocks are exposed to the surface, calcium carbonates play a decisive role in the binding of trace elements in soils. In the soils of the southwestern and southern districts of the city, formed on loess-like loams, organomineral complexes of humic acids are of great importance in fixing microelements. In the bottoms of river valleys and gullies, formed by erosion products of Sarmatian clays, microelements in soils are present in silty fractions. Under the forest parks of the city, several dominant phases - carriers of microelements in soils are formed, depending on the predominance of one or another type of soil-forming deposits in different parts of the forest. In general, the features of the fixation of microelements in the soils of the Stavropol urban agglomeration are determined both by the natural characteristics of the territory and the specifics of the anthropogenic impact on the soil cover of pollutant flows.
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