How to cite this paper: Melentiev, A.I., et al. (2014)
AbstractThe novel alkaliphilic strain, designated as Bacillus sp. IB-OR17 and isolated from soda lake sediments, was identified and characterized. Isolated strain demonstrated slight antifungal activity against some plant pathogen fungi that are capable to grow under alkaline conditions. Based on its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as on 16S rRNA gene analysis data, Bacillus sp. IB-OR17 were related to alkaliphilic species B. mannanilyticus. Such as type species, Bacillus sp. IB-OR17 produced extracellular β-mannanase but additionally it displayed also chitinolytic activity which is a new property reported for this species. Bacillus sp. IB-OR17 grew in pH range 8.0 -11.0 with maximal intensity under 9.0 -10.0 but not showed halophilic properties (growth limit under NaCl concentrations < 5%). Maximal production of chitinase is observed at the same pH interval after 96 h of submerged cultivation of the strain. Bacillus sp. IB-OR17 produced chitinase(s) in presence of colloidal chitin as main carbon source and sodium carbonate (0.25% -1.0%) demonstrating high enzyme yield under enough low concentrations of the substrate (0.20%). Unlike chitinase, β-mannanase was constitutively produced by Bacillus sp. IB-OR17 in presence of various substrates including crab shell chitin. Probable involvement of the enzymes in antifungal activity of Bacillus sp. IB-OR17 is discussed shortly in terms of further researches and application of this strain.
KeywordsBacillus mannanilyticus, Alkaliphilic Bacteria, Bacilli, 16S rRNA, Chitinase, β-Mannanase, Antifungal Activity, Microbial Antagonism A. I. Melentiev et al.
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This article describes the results of the authors' experimental studies of pathomorphological changes in laboratory animals associated with intoxication with nitrosocontaining (clothianidin) and cyano-containing (thiacloprid) compounds from the group of neonicotinoids. Acute intoxication was caused in 20 white outbred rats by single intragastric, via the tube, administration of pesticides Calypso (active ingredient thiacloprid, 480 g/L, BayerCropSciense, Germany) and AnoEx (active ingredient clotianidin, 20 g/L, Agravis Raiffeisen AG, Germany) in the doses of 1/10 LD 50 , respectively. Control group included intact animals (n=10). To assess the overall morphological picture, histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and Perls' method was used to indicate hemosiderin. Microphotography of histological preparations was carried out using Altami BIO 1 microscope with USMOSO3100KPA USB digital ocular camera. The research results prove that neonicotinoids, despite differences in their chemical structure (nitroso-and cyanocontaining preparations), cause the development of multiple organ pathologies due to vascular disorders. As a result of damaged microvasculature and endothelium of large vessels, the breakdown of histochematic barrier occurs what contributes to the delivery of pesticides and their metabolites into the cells of organs and damage of these organs. In addition, vascular disorders lead to the development of hypoxia which exacerbates the damaging effect on vascular wall and tissues. Dystrophic changes and multiple hemorrhages develop in parenchymal organs, and fibrillogenesis is activated. In some cases, there are alternative changes in the form of focal necrosis of liver. Expanded spleen marginal zone and increased area of periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths reveal immunity stress and potential danger of immunosuppression in the postintoxication period. Mentioned pathomorphological changes in the animal organism allow planning complex diagnostic and therapeutic measures in the course of the use of neonicotinoids.
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