Wastelands of the mining industry are among the largest of disturbed areas that demand revitalization. To reduce environmental impact and to better manage these geo-resources, the formation of sustainable plant and soil complexes and the restoration of self-recovery soil function are critical points. The successful return of vegetative cover at post-mining sites requires eliminating the deficiency of organic matter. For this, we assessed the usability of non-traditional ameliorants to provide a better understanding of benefits from mutual dependencies of environmental resources. To prevent losses and to close resource cycles, we studied the applicability of wastewater sludge from the pulp and paper (SPP) industry as an amendment to counteract soil degradation and rehabilitate human-disturbed lands. Waste rock limestone, beresite, and phosphogypsum substrates of post-mining sites were used in vitro for the application of sludge and peat mixture and consequent grass seeding. The formed vegetative cover was analyzed to compare the germination and biomass growth on reconstructed soils. We assessed the efficiency of ameliorant combinations by two approaches: (1) the traditional technique of cutting-off plant material to measure the obtained plant biomass, and, (2) digital image analysis for RGB-processed photographs of the vegetative cover (r2 = 0.75–0.95). The effect of SPP on plant cover biomass and grass height showed similar results: land rehabilitation with the formation of a 20 cm soil layer on mine waste dumps was environmentally suitable with an SPP:soil ratio of 1:3. However, excessive application (ratio 1:1 of SPP to the soil) negatively affected seed germination and plant vegetation.
The article presents an assessment of the technogenic impact on the atmospheric air inflicted by oil and gas extracting and processing facilities in Western Siberia. It is revealed that heterogeneity and areal dispersion of emission sources are the key features of the considered industry. Mathematical statistics techniques allowed grouping sources of air pollution and determining the major air pollutants at the considered production facilities. It is proposed to design an automated operational environmental monitoring system with a hierarchical two-level structure for operational and reliable control of the natural environment in the impact area of the studied facilities.
The Lomonosov diamond mine is located in the Primorsky district of the Arkhangelsk region, 100 km northeast from the Arkhangelsk and is represented by six kimberlite pipes: Pomorskaya, Arkhangelskaya, Karpinsky-1, Karpinsky-2, Pionerskaya, and Lomonosov. Ore mining has been carried out since 2005 on the Arkhangelskaya pipe located in the southern part of the deposit. The Arkhangelskaya pipe is composed of tuffites, tuffaceous sandstones, breccias of sedimentary rocks, and sandstones. The kimberlite mineral composition is characterized by clay minerals pseudomorph after olivine.
В статье сделан анализ образования отходов целлюлозно-бумажной отрасли на Северо-Западе Российской Федерации. Проведена оценка воздействия хранилищ отходов целлюлозно-бумажного комбината на компоненты природной среды, обоснована необходимость утилизации лигнин-шлама. На территории Северо-Запада РФ находятся 121 тыс га нарушенных территорий, представленных отработанными карьерными выработками, землями, отчуждаемыми для прокладки трубопроводов и дорожного строительства, нуждающихся в рекультивации. Оценена пригодность лигнин-шламов для приготовления искусственных плодородных грунтов для целей рекультивации. Для этого были проведены эксперименты по созданию искусственных грунтов с различным соотношением лигнин-шлама и почвогрунта, исследованию наличий нарушения роста различных видов растений, выращенных на различных композициях лигнин-шлама и почвогрунтов. Выявлено, что лигнин-шлам как органическая добавка к почвогрунтам не является токсичным для растительного покрова и живых организмов и позволяет улучшить показатели плодородия искусственных почв.Ключевые слова: целлюлозно-бумажная промышленность; отходы производства; лигнин-шламы; утилизация отходов; нарушенные земли; рекультивация
An evaluation of existing insulation and remediation technologies for solid mineral waste storages is carried out. Results of field observations at one of the largest tailings in Russia are given. A quality of atmospheric air, and surface and ground water are estimated in the impact areas of a magnetic separation waste storage at an iron ore deposit of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. An effective method of landfill's surface insulation using polymeric materials is offered. The technological insulation process by means of a self-propelled screening machine is described. The suggested method will allow preserving an artificial deposit until the time of its rational mining, stopping water and wind erosion from its surface. Environmental conditions in its location area will be improved and pollution of atmosphere, soil, and natural water will be reduced.
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