To analyze gene expression of a-fetoprotein (AFP) and AFP gene expression is shown during massive liver albumin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), messenger necrosis 7 and in hepatocarcinogenesis. On the other RNAs (mRNAs) of these proteins in six human hepatoma hand, albumin gene expression begins with the initiacell lines and in 30 cases of HCC were quantitatively tion of liver organogenesis and increases gradually analyzed by competitive reverse transcription (RT) fol-with development. [8][9][10][11] Albumin transcription is known lowed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The tran-to be modulated by various factors such as hormones, scriptional levels of both AFP and albumin genes in the acute phase reaction, extracellular matrix, heat, -fold enhanced as compared with man hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the biological that of nonneoplastic portion, and correlated with se-significance of the varied AFP transcription have not rum AFP level and tumor size (P õ .01). In contrast, been clarified yet.
albumin mRNA level was not reduced in the neoplasmsIn the present study, we have developed competitive presenting enhanced AFP mRNA levels, indicating that reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain re-AFP and albumin gene expression in situ is not necessar-action (RT-PCR) assays to evaluate messenger RNA ily mutually exclusive. Prospective analysis revealed (mRNA) levels of both AFP and albumin in tissue speci- , 1995; accepted January 16, 1996. lysed, and the total RNA was extracted as described below.Supported by grants from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and theThe experiments were performed in triplicate.Ministry of Education, and the Ministry of Culture and Science, Japan.Patients. tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography.
A high flow arteriovenous shunts in newborns may require urgent endovascular treatment right immediately after delivery if high output cardiac failure is resistant to medical treatment. The umbilical approach is often the first choice of the access route for endovascular treatment in the newborn. It is, however, not infrequent that the patient has an extensive lesion, which necessitates a second session of treatment because of the limitation of the usable amount of the contrast material in one session. In such a case, re-puncturing the femoral artery is difficult and carries the risk of leg ischemia. On the other hand, leaving the umbilical sheath for the second procedure carries risks of infection, thrombosis, and vessel injury. Herein we introduce our umbilical vessel catheter (UVC) retro-exchange technique (U-RET) in which we replace the umbilical sheath to a 3.5Fr UVC at the end of the first endovascular procedure to preserve the umbilical artery access and prepare for the repeated use. We believe that this method minimizes the risks of infection and vessel injury.
It is difficult to wash the contaminated fine-grained soil because the contaminants are absorbed strongly into the soil particle surface. In order to remove the contaminants which are absorbed the fine-grained soil, the washing method which is applied the function of freeze-thaw and ion exchange was proposed. In this method, the washing solution is flowed the soil particle surface by the soil freezing, the washing solution which contains ion exchange substance removes the contaminants from the soil surface and the contaminants are drained at the time of the soil thawing.In this study, the natural potassium was used as the contaminants and the ammonium acetate solution was used as the washing solution. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effective removal condition for the natural potassium ions contained sample soil. In this paper, it was investigated that the influence of the concentration of the ammonium acetate solution, times of supplying ammonium acetate solution and freeze-thaw cycles.The test result revealed the following.(1) Both washing solution intake and contaminants drainage reduced in the case of the high concentration of the ammonium acetate while the content of potassium in the drainage increased. (2) Reduction of numbers of supplying ammonium acetate solution and increment of numbers of supplying water increased both washing solution intake and drainage then that drained the contaminants effectively.
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