Background: Short-chain fatty acids such as lactic acid produced by the intestinal bacterial flora have various physiological actions involved in health, and it is important to determine the concentrations of faecal short-chain fatty acids and evaluate their relationship with large intestinal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the highly selective and sensitive simultaneous measurement of both volatile and non-volatile short-chain fatty acid hydrazides using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Materials and methods: Faeces treated with ethanol were used as analytic samples. Short-chain fatty acids were measured as fatty acid hydrazides by HPLC. Results: For 12 types of short-chain fatty acid, the results regarding linearity, recovery tests and reproducibility were favourable. Faeces treated with ethanol could be stored at room temperature. Discussion: The stability of short-chain fatty acids in faeces at room temperature was statistically analysed. Faeces stored without treatment with ethanol showed increases/decreases in the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, which may be due to assimilation by intestinal bacteria. However, specimen in 70% ethanol and stored in room temperature exhibited no substantial changes in concentrations of short-chain fatty acids up to seven days.

Five-year PC development, disease-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality were approximately 4%, 2%, and 6% for BD-IPMNs and 46%, 19%, and 19% for MD-IPMNs, respectively. The presence of an MD-IPMN, but not cyst size, was significantly associated with PC development and subsequent mortality.

Inhibition of gastric motility by dopamine is independent of extrinsic innervation and seems to be mediated by DA2 receptors in the gastric wall.

A 62-year-old male presented with an unusually large mycotic aneurysm mimicking a saccular aneurysm manifesting as coma and hypotension. Computed tomography showed intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage. He was in septic shock due to acute infectious endocarditis. Cerebral angiography disclosed a large distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm. The diagnosis was mycotic aneurysm based on the morphological features and associated endocarditis. The aneurysm and the parent artery were successfully occluded by endovascular embolization. High-dose antibiotic therapy in the following 6 weeks resulted in resolution of the infectious endocarditis. Early exclusion of ruptured mycotic aneurysm is mandatory because of the high risk of rerupture. Endovascular treatment is an effective alternative for mycotic aneurysms, especially if the patient's general condition is poor. Parent artery occlusion can be safely tolerated if the aneurysm is located distally.