The theoretical interpretation of the shearing interferometer based on the moiré method using the fourier image of the grating is described. To obtain a pattern with good contrast, the observing plane must coincide with the normal fourier image plane of the grating or with the reversed fourier image plane. The information obtained by this method is the first partial derivative and under certain conditions the second partial derivative of the distortion from the reference wavefront, which is planar or spherical. Applications to measurement of the phase gradient and lens aberration are shown.
The excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances
(LSPRs)
in metal nanostructures enables subwavelength photon localization
and large electric field enhancement, which can be advantageously
used to strongly enhance light–matter interactions at the nanoscale.
For this purpose, efficient methods for deterministically handling
and arranging nanomaterials at the exact position of the localized
electric field are required. In this Letter, we propose a novel method
based on a hydrothermal synthesis reaction to locally and selectively
synthesize zinc oxide in a plasmonic nanoantenna. We first make evident
the role of LSPR for achieving efficient heating of gold nanostructures.
Then, by selectively addressing one of the LSPRs of a gold antenna,
we demonstrate that localized zinc oxide formation at the targeted
location of the antenna can be achieved due to the nanoscale confinement
of the heat production.
High dark-conductivity CdS films have been prepared by coevaporation of CdS and In and the physical properties of the films were investigated. The dark conductivity of the films prepared at room ranged from 10−1 to 103 S cm−1. Analyzing the film structure by x-ray analysis, it was found that the In atoms were doped substitutionally into the Cd site of a CdS crystallite at a low concentration In doping stage and then doped interstitially into the CdS crystallite at a high concentration In doping stage. In the carrier density versus the doped In concentration relation, the n-type characteristic was found. This was explained by the two In doping processes described above. Further, the negative temperature dependence of the carrier density was detected in the very high-concentration In-doped samples. We used an explanation similar to the one given by Hung and Gliessman [Phys. Rev. 96, 1226 (1954)], that is, by using a tentative model in which the substitutionally doped low concentration In atoms form a shallow discrete donor level and the interstitially doped high-concentration In atoms form an impurity band in the forbidden band.
Two methods are described to attain high resolution holographic spectroscopy. One is an interferometer construction to record the localized interference fringes on the photographic plate directly. The limitation due to the use of an imaging lens is removed. The other is the application of heterodyning techniques to holographic spectroscopy. By this method, a hologram with high resolving power is recorded on relatively low resolution photographic film.
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