Landslides are one of earth's most serious types of natural disasters and they are often induced by earthquakes. Predicting the approximate landslide displacements caused by earthquakes is helpful for assessing earthquake hazards and for designing slopes to withstand future seismic shaking. In this research, the authors firstly focus on obtaining the residual strength parameters and the peak strength parameters by multistage procedure with the Bromhead ring shear apparatus, which are used in the slope stability analysis. The maximum vertical settlement (MVS) of a slope is determined by the Newmark method using representative data from three earthquakes, i.e., Great Hanshin Earthquake, Chuetsu Earthquake and Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake. It is experimentally demonstrated that the MVS is very large in both Tanigumi Pond and Sugo Pond. Once a great earthquake occurs, the progressive failure phenomenon appears and people living in the area will be in danger. The results presented in this paper can be applied to future landslide hazard assessments and used to promote reconstruction efforts by the government in the affected areas and for future disaster prevention and mitigation.
Earthquakes are natural phenomena that cause terrible disasters for human society. Many of the disasters caused by earthquakes around the world serve as warnings to us about the fragility of life and the immaturity of science -especially construction science. For earth dams, which are made up mostly of compacted earth, the most common type of construction in the world, an earthquake can have enormous consequences if it causes a dam failure. Thus, proper seismic safety evaluations are of the utmost importance in terms of assuring the safety of earth dams. Along with the advancements in science and technology, knowledge in the field of earthquake engineering has been expanding. Many studies have been done on the effects of earthquakes on earth dams and many methods have been developed to estimate the deformation of these dams during earthquakes. This paper firstly presents the observed seismic performance of earth dams in past earthquakes which can help provide insight into the general effects of earthquakes on earth dams as well as the seismic response of dams during an earthquake. The paper also summarizes the methods presently available for estimating the seismic deformation of earth dams. These methods can provide design engineers with confidence when dealing with one of the most difficult geotechnical engineering challenges they will ever face.
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