Experimental and comparative studies suggest that the striped coats of zebras can prevent biting fly attacks. Biting flies are serious pests of livestock that cause economic losses in animal production. We hypothesized that cows painted with black and white stripes on their body could avoid biting fly attacks and show fewer fly-repelling behaviors. Six Japanese Black cows were assigned to treatments using a 3 × 3 Latin-square design. The treatments were black-and-white painted stripes, black painted stripes, and no stripes (all-black body surface). Recorded fly-repelling behaviors were head throw, ear beat, leg stamp, skin twitch, and tail flick. Photo images of the right side of each cow were taken using a commercial digital camera after every observation and biting flies on the body and each leg were counted from the photo images. Here we show that the numbers of biting flies on Japanese Black cows painted with black-and-white stripes were significantly lower than those on non-painted cows and cows painted only with black stripes. The frequencies of fly-repelling behaviors in cows painted with black-and-white stripes were also lower than those in the non-painted and black-striped cows. These results thus suggest that painting black-and-white stripes on livestock such as cattle can prevent biting fly attacks and provide an alternative method of defending livestock against biting flies without using pesticides in animal production, thereby proposing a solution for the problem of pesticide resistance in the environment.
The effects of feeding liquid brewer's yeast (LBY) on growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs were investigated. The LBY diet was prepared by replacing soybean meal (control diet) with LBY (experimental diet). A total of 12 crossbred pigs (Large White×Landrace× Duroc, six barrows and six gilts) were housed at a density of two pigs (one barrow and one gilt of similar weight) per pigpen, and three pigpens were assigned to each of the control and LBY diet groups. Pigs were supplied either the control or LBY diet when their weight reached approximately 80 kg, and feeding was stopped when their weight reached approximately 115 kg. The experimental diet contained sufficient crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN), with dry weights of 15% and 75%, respectively, which were diluted with water to obtain a final dry weight of 22%. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and sensory evaluation of the longissimus dorsi muscle were not significantly different between the groups. The fatty acid composition in the LBY group showed a significant decrease in C18 : 2 and C18 : 3 content and a high fat melting point. These results indicate that LBY may be a useful protein source for swine.
The aim of this study was to improve a non-surgical technique for porcine embryo transfer that would be more effective and could be operated as easy as artificial insemination in the pig farm. Embryos were collected surgically from 13 gilts at 5 to 7 days post insemination by flushing uterine horns. A total of 144 embryos were immediately transferred into 11 recipients, 1 sow and 10 gilts, by the transcervical method with 2 types of balloon catheters (FA 361 and FA 1466 catheter, Fujihira Industries, Ltd., Tokyo). The recipient pigs were anesthetized and their heads laid down on the slope fastening their legs securely.After cleaning the external genitalia, the balloon catheter was inserted into the cervix through the vaginal speculum and fixed in the cervical canal by swelling the balloon.stages were morulae to hatched blastocyst, were transferred into the uterine horn through a catheter with a small volume of sterile physiological saline. Nine of 11 recipients (81.8%) got pregnant, while 2 of 9 pregnant pigs had an abortion at early time of gestation. The remaining 7 pigs farrowed a total results showed that the balloon catheter could be used for non-surgical transfer of porcine embryos, but the embryonic survival rate was affected by the type of catheter.
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