The need for ortho- dontic treatment in school children in the town of Niš, Serbia, is similar to the need in most European countries, despite the fact that the number of children orthodontically treated is much higher compared to most of European countries.

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The conjunction of amoxicillin plus metronidazole or cefixime to the causal treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis led to statistically significant improvement in efficacy in relation to GI and BOP parameters, while cefixime was statistically significantly more efficient than the combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole for GI.

Prevalence of TMD immediately after completion of orthodontic-surgical treatment for mandibular prognathism is similar to frequency of dysfunction in untreated subjects, is significantly higher in females and is most commonly myogenic. Furthermore, females show an increased level of chronic pain post-operatively. Somatization and depression levels do not differ between patients with corrected prognathism and untreated prognathic patients.

Background/Aim. Functionally stable occlusion is characterized by optimal and orthopedic stable position of the condyle, harmonious contact ratio of upper and lower teeth in the final occlusal position of the mandible, optimal relationship of dental arches at the eccentric movement of the lower jaw and stable interocclusal space in physiological position. As there are no ideal order of teeth and absolute intermaxilar harmony nor individually acceptable standards or prototype of functionally optimal occlusion, the aim of this study was to analyze occlusal characteristics of identical twins. Methods. This clinicalepidemiological and functional study involved 30 pairs of identical twins, both males and females, aged 20 to 40 years. The main criterion for the selection of participants was preserved function of orofacial system, as a precondition for application of the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index, which is the most reliable tool for diagnosing malocclusion and evaluating occlusal parameters: the distance between the contact points of agonists of front segments of the dental arches, side occlusion of the sagittal, vertical and transversal position, overjet, anterior crossbite, deep and open bite, overbite of incisors and relationship of middle dental arches. Results. Using t-test for independent samples, no significant difference in the values of PAR index, according to gender, was established. The average difference of 0.833 between the twin groups (for male twins: ґ = 7.97, SD = 6.625; for female twins: ґ = 7.13, SD = 5.606) was not statistically significant [t (58) = 0.526; p = 0.601; 95% confidence interval:-2.339-4.005]. Conclusion. The lack of significant differences in occlusal PAR index analysis in both the same and different twin groups, implies the dominance of hereditary factors.

Class III discrepancy should be diagnosed and classified according to its etiology and treated with appropriate surgery, including, if necessary, not only mandibular, but also maxillary surgery, in order to achieve a normal facial appearance. In any case, as the field of orthodontics continues to develop technologically and philosophically, we can expect that advances in diagnosis and treatment planning are im minent and inevitable.

In the patients with mandibular prognathism all the measured dimensions of sella turcica were bigger, and so was sella turcica, but that enlargement was not in correlation with the degree of anomaly itself.

Background/Aim. The middle part of the face, that is the maxilla, has always been mentioned as a possible etiologic factor of skeletal Class III. However, the importance of the relationship of maxillary retroposition towards the cranial base is still unclear, although it has been examined many times. The aim of this study was to conduct cephalometric analysis of the morphology of maxilla, including the whole middle part of the face in patients with divergent and convergent facial types of mandibular prognathism, as well as to determine differences betweeen them. Methods. Lateral cephalometric teleradiograph images of 90 patients were analyzed at the Dental Clinic of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia. All the patients were male, aged 18-35 years, not previously treated orthodontically. On the basis of dentalskeletal relations of jaws and teeth, the patients were divided into three groups: the group P1 (patients with divergent facial type of mandibular prognathism), P2 (patients with convergent facial type of mandibular pragmathism) and the group E (control group or eugnathic patients). A total of 9 cephalometric parameters related to the middle face were measured and analyzed: the length of the hard palate -SnaSnp, the length of the maxillary corpus -AptmPP, the length of the soft palate, the angle between the hard and soft palate -SnaSnpUt, the angle of inclination of the maxillary alveolar process, the angle of inclination of the upper front teeth, the effective maxillary length -CoA, the posterior maxillary alveolar hyperplasia -U6PP and the