The main goal of our investigation was to determine the influence of different mineral fertilizer rates on the formation of corn hybrids productivity and their dependence on hydrothermal conditions. Medium-early hybrid SY Fenomen (FAO 220) and medium-ripe SY Torino (FAO 310) were selected and analysed for research. The corn fertilization system consists of three methods:Main, row and top dressing. Under conditions of optimal fertilization inthe growing season corn can provide high yields on almost all soils.almost all soils. Scientists distinguish two important stages of plant developmentcorn, the so-called critical phases, regarding the provision of their macro- andmicroelements, these are the phases of 3-5 and 7-8 leaves. From the provision of elementsnutrition, especially pay attention to the presence of phosphorus, depends onthe formed number of cobs on the plant and grains on them. Corn reacts strongly to nitrogen fertilization. To ensurehigh efficiency of its application and optimization of the dose, in addition to samplingsamples and expected yields, it is necessary to determine the amount of nitrogen contained in the soil.Contained in the soil. The amount of soil nitrogen can be very different andrange from 20-100 kg N depending on the predecessor and itsnutrition, soil class and agricultural practices used. Nitrogen is the most important of all nutrients that affect the level ofcorn yield. Corn consumes nitrogen up to the phase of 8 leaves, until thismoment only 2-3% of nitrogen is absorbed, from the phase of 8 leaves to the phase of dryingflower columns (hair) on the cobs - 85% of the total amount of nitrogen.The rest of the nitrogen corn continues to consume almost until the beginning of cobs. The influence of mineral fertilizers on the formation of individual productivity and the use of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N128P128K128 + N70 provided the highest height of maize plants 212.6 cm for SY Fenomen and 227.4 cm for SY Torino. The height of cob attachment under these conditions was 82.7-88.4 cm. Additional use of 70 kg of nitrogen on the background of N128P128K128 allowed to form the highest biometric values of the cob. Thus, in the hybrid SY Fenomen the length was 24.4 cm and the diameter was 5.1 cm, while in the SY Torino hybrid it was 25.6 and 5.3 cm, respectively. The use of a complete fertilizer system (N128P128K128 + N70) in the cultivation of corn hybrids has increased grain yield from cobs to 82.8-83.6% against 79.5-80.8% in control, and accordingly the weight of 1000 seeds up to 336-345 g against 318-329. The use of mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the formation of grain productivity indicators of corn hybrids. And the more nitrogen fertilizers were applied, the higher was the yield. Compared to the variant without fertilizer, the yield of corn hybrids increased by 83-90% and amounted to 12.18-12.88 t ha-1.
In the first year of life of meadow clover, except for uncovered sowing also carry out sowing under the cover of oatmeal mixture for green forage and spring barley on grain. It was noted that for the period of slanting ripeness of the harvest of leaf masses the oatmeal mixture was 24.8 t / ha without fertilizer with an output of 2.7 t / ha of feed units, on the variant with the addition of P 60 K 90 - 36.4 t / ha and 3.9 t / ha, respectively, while for foliar feeding micro-fertilizers "Quantum Beans" - 38.2 t / ha and 4.1 t / ha respectively. The maximum yield of meadow clover dry matter in the first year of life was noted when applying mineral fertilizers in a dose of P 60 K 90 and performing foliar feeding with Quantum Beans. Thus, in the variant without a cover it was 6.5 t / ha, in the variant with a cover is ovs - 3.5 t / ha, with a cover barley yarn - 3.2 t / ha. In the second year of the meadow clover's life two full crops of leaf-steel mass were received. It was noted that the productivity of the herbage was high in uncovered crops. Thus, in the option without fertilizers yielded 23.9 tons / ha, with the application of potassium phosphate fertilizers - 32.2 tons / ha. When applying foliar fertilizer on the potassium phosphate background, the yield was 36.4 t/ha. The high dry solids yield was distinguished by the application of potash and phosphate fertilizers and rootless chelate treatment. Under these conditions, 6.9 tons per hectare of dry matter were obtained from coverless crops. A slightly lower figure was obtained in the undercut variants. Thus, after the cover of oatmeal mixture was formed 6.7 t / ha of dry matter, and after spring barley on grain - 6.4 t / ha. In total for two years of vegetation of meadow clover, in versions without cover, the yield of digestible protein was within 1.17-1.71 tons / ha, feed units - 9.20-13.54 tons / ha, feed units - 10 46-15.32 tons / ha.
The article highlights the results of research related to the biological characteristics of growth, plant development and fertilization of meadow clover varieties. Dependencies in the formation of plant height indicators by vegetation years have been identified and the relationship between height, fertilizers and sowing methods has been determined. Key words: meadow clover, variety, fertilizer, method of cultivation, height.
The results of the long-term research on weed infestation of winter wheat agrophytocenoses considering the effect of the predecessor are presented. The influence of three common predecessors in the technology of winter wheat cultivation, namely, corn, soybean and corn, is estimated. It has been proved that the most favorable conditions for controlling the number of weeds in winter wheat agrophytocenoses are differently achieved in different years when clover is used as a predecessor. It has been established that the use of the optimal predecessor under winter wheat allows to reduce weed number per unit of area up to 13—18.7 %.
The article reflects the results of the research conducted with studies on the performance of maize hybrids and shows the economic efficiency of cultivation of different maize hybrids depending on mineral fertilizer. Mineral fertilisers are the most important element in the technology of growing new maize hybrids Therefore it is very important to study the effect of fertilizers. Therefore, it is very important to study the effect of fertilizers on grain productivity corn hybrids, which are most common in our region and important economic importance. The aim of the research was to analyze influence and interrelation of productivity and economic efficiency cultivation of maize hybrids. Ukrainian agrarians traditionally grow maize for grain, and it occupies a significant place in the structure of grain production. In recent years In recent years, all agricultural producers note a sharp increase in gross yield The crop has been appreciated as one of the most important high-yielding and versatile cereal crops Cereals with a versatile purpose, which are grown for food, fodder and technical purposes, Forage and technical uses In Ukraine maize is used for both food and feed purposes. both for food and technical purposes, as well as for the feed industry. fodder production. An important area of sustainable development of the global Farming is one of the most important areas of sustainable global economic development at the beginning of the 21st century. An important element of sustainable development in global economic development in the beginning of the 21st century, including in the agricultural sector, is the improvement and implementation of new resource-, energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies. It is proved that use of mineral fertilizers has a positive impact on for formation of grain productivity indicators of maize hybrids. What can be noted with the following statement, the more nitrogen fertilizers were applied the more was the yield. When comparing to the variant without fertilizer corn hybrids yield increased by 83-90% and amounted to 12,18-12,88 t/ha. From this we can conclude that the most promising fertilization system for maize hybrids is the application of cultivation of N128P128K128 with a subsequent addition of nitrogen in a dose of N70 in the phase of 6- 7 leaves of maize providing a gross yield of 12.18-12.88 t/ha of grain with an level of profitability of production 219-232%. In addition it is indicated in the publication of the main aspects of the technology of growing maize on grain, which underlie the improvement of production efficiency indicators first of all, yield, profit and level of profitability.
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