The study stresses the meaning of the physiological measures that are obtained with the functional diagnostics devices and how these values can be used in coaching sportsmen. Methods: Hemodynamic monitor was used for monitoring hemodynamics and heart function of athletes (n=305) with different fitness levels. Active orthoclinostatic tests and antiorthostatic tests with passive body position changing were carried out with hemodynamics measurements recorded. Results: The most informative indicators and indices of heart function for high performance sport and their values at rest were detected. Along with common hemodynamics indicators (HR, SV, CO, EDV, blood pressure, etc.) the possibility of using correlation rhythmogram in coaching was studied. The correlation rhythmogram "cloud" dependence on athletes' fitness level was revealed in transient during active orthoclinostatic test.
Training process in sport imposes high demands on athletes' cardiovascular system. Results of incremental treadmill test revealed that young athletes perform intensive physical work with cardio strain, i.e. at high HR. That is why training for cardiac adaptation should be foreground at the initial stages of sport specialization. Hemodynamic monitoring allows assessing cardiovascular system dynamics in training. The analysis of such indicators as HR, SV, EDV and inotropy (heart contractility) in 30 12-14 year-old crosscountry skiers made it possible to divide them into 3 groups with different training orientation. Group 1 (low aerobic fitness: SV< 70 ml, EDV<110 ml) underwent aerobic training and general exercises. For group 2 (moderate fitness with high inotropy: RHR< 65 bpm, SV>70 ml, EDV >110, inotropy > 45) general and specific exercises were used on crosscountry terrain under HR control (upper limit is 160 bpm). Group 3 (moderate fitness with normal inotropy less than 40%) underwent intermittent training as well. Regular hemodynamic monitoring (once per 3 months) helped individualize training, transferring athletes from one group to another according to the monitoring results obtained, thus avoiding inadequate cardiac adaptation. Incremental tests carried out twice a year proved the effectiveness of the selected health-saving technologies.
Aim. The article deals with establishing the correlation between lateral manual preference, manual technical asymmetry and the results of ball routine in young gymnasts. Materials and methods. Twenty gymnasts aged 7–8 years underwent tests to establish asymmetry through determining lateral manual preferences and assessing a ball routine performance. Non-parametric criteria and correlation analysis were used for data processing. Results. At the preparatory stage and at the stage of technique enhancement, the average level of the apparatus possession in the subgroups of gymnasts with different lateral manual preferences has statistically significant differences when performing technical elements with dominant and non-dominant hand (p ≤ 0.05). The correlation between lateral manual preferences and a ball routine performance in gymnasts was not revealed at the preparatory stage (ρ = –0.03) and was not significant at the stage of technique enhancement (ρ = 0.30). The coefficient of manual technical asymmetry has a significant correlation with the total amount of penalties for a ball routine technique at the preparatory stage (p < 0.05) and a highly significant correlation at the stage of technique enhancement (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Intergroup and individual differences in terms of symmetry/asymmetry should be taken into account for learning technical elements with the apparatus in young gymnasts.
Cheer sport is rapidly gaining popularity including in student sports which determines the relevance of research on the problems of its development in student sports. The article is devoted to the study of the readiness of student-athletes engaged in various difficult-coordination sports to continue a sports career in cheer sports. The purpose of the study was to identify the initial level of development of leading physical qualities and special technical skills for cheerleaders in athletes of different specializations to determine readiness for sports improvement in the university student cheer sports team. The study was conducted using the method of control tests using tests to assess the leading physical qualities and special technical skills of cheerleaders. The results of the study showed that the level of readiness for sports improvement in student cheerleading teams of athletes who had sports experience in various sports is due to the specifics of their previous sports activities. At the same time, athletes who have previously engaged in sports with an acrobatic orientation have the skills to perform acrobatic tracks required in competitive activities in cheerleading. A good level of flexibility development in girls contributes to the implementation of complex static elements of competitive activity in cheerleading. A good level of development of strength abilities possessed by young men who have previously engaged in strength sports can serve as the basis for their successful performance of such elements of cheerleading as support and emissions. The significance of the conducted research lies in the establishment of the need to assess the initial level of readiness for sports improvement in the cheer sport of athletes who previously engaged in various sports. The information obtained will allow the coach to individualize the training process, focusing on the development of missing or underdeveloped qualities and skills of each athlete, which will allow him to determine the optimal competitive program of the team for the successful preparation of the team for the competition.
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