The disordered occupation of areas adjacent to the watercourses has caused several environmental problems in Brazilian cities, such as waterproofing of soils and damage to the associated biodiversity. The objective of this work was to study the Permanent Preservation Area (PPA) of the Itapemirim River, in its stretch in the urban area ofCachoeiro de Itapemirim (ES), and to propose suggestions for improvements in landscape preservation. High resolution aerial photographs of the year 2012 and the feature containing the urban area of the municipality were acquired in conjunction with the GEOBASES and IJSN database. In ArcGIS®, the files were manipulated through a Geographic Information System followed by a mapping and quantification of forest cover remnants throughout the PPA and districts covered by the stock under study. In 2012, the riparian vegetation corresponded to 63.6 hectares, representing 28.97% of the total PPA. In the 19 districts covered by the PPA of the river, only one had a percentage of forest cover over 40%, while several districts had percentages lower than 20%. The vegetation was found in the form of isolated arboreal individuals and small fragments, a consequence of the strong anthropic action and intense urbanization, which can aggravate the floods and deteriorate the environmental quality of the water resources and of the city as a whole. Measures such as the preservation of remnants of vegetation, the expansion of forest cover and environmental education work are continuously relevant to alleviate the intense effects of human action on APP in the analyzed course.
The objective of this work was to study the changes in land use and land cover in permanent preservation areas (PPAs) in the municipality of Mimoso do Sul and propose measures to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of anthropic agents. The procedures were performed in the ArcGIS® program, using state cartographic bases. The urban area of the municipality of Mimoso do Sul was subsequently delimited for later high resolution aerial images, photointerpreting the water courses that pass through the city and delimiting the PPAs defined in the Forest Code. The land use features in the PPAs were evaluated and aided in the accurate mapping of the remaining vegetation cover. The areas occupied by the buildings had significant growth, representing significant values (above 40%). The macega represented almost 20% in the Santa Marta stream, which may show an abandonment of land use. The arboreal vegetation in the PPAs is fragmented with isolated individuals and showed a significant decrease in two of the four PPAs of the sources studied, with values between 32% and 45% between the years 2007-2008 and 30% and 45% between 2012-2015. In general, the PPAs of the watercourses are degraded, due to the high presence of buildings and the fragmentation of the ciliary vegetation, deteriorating during the analyzed period. Reforestation in PPAs and environmental education with the population are proposed to improve local environmental conditions. Monitoring the quality and quantity of water and extending the historical series considered are ideas for future studies.
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