One of the problems of modern poultry farming is the shortage of litter materials. In this regard, the practice of litter regeneration and its repeated use is becoming more and more widespread. Regenerated litterwith proper disinfection is safe for the bird and does not negatively affect its growth index as evidenced by research on broiler chickens. At the same time, it has not been studied enough the possibility of using regenerated litter in the rearing and housing of other species and production groups of poultry with a technological cycle much longer than that of broiler chickens. Based on this, the goal of our research was to evaluate the microclimate in the poultry house, welfare and zootechnical indicators replacement young turkeyswhen reared on regenerated litter. There were formed two groups of turkey poults (females) of line 5 of the domestic cross Kharkiv, each with 150 heads in each group, one of which from 6 to 20 weeks of age was grown on a new litter (pine shavings), the other (experimental) on regenerated litter based on the same material. Litter regeneration was performed according to the previously developed technology. The remaining conditions for growing turkey poults of both groups met the regulatory requirements and were similar. It was established that from the 6th to the 12th week of rearing the moisture content of regenerated litter was 11.3-6.6% higher than of new litter (p<0.05). However, during further rearing, the difference in their moisture content became insignificant. At the end of the rearing period, the general condition of the litter in both variantshad no significant differences according to the criteria of moisture, flowability, and clumping. Rearing young turkeys on regenerated litter there was observed an increase of 5.8-1.1 times (p<0.05) in the content of ammonia and 1.5-1.1 times (p<0.05) of carbon dioxide in the air of the house,compared to growing them on new litter. At the same time, their total concentration in the air did not exceed the maximum permissible during any of the rearing periods. Growing young turkeys on regenerated litter did not negatively affect the state of plumage, soles of paws and knee joints of young turkey, as well as their zootechnical indicators.
In the context of a constantly growing shortage of bedding materials, the practice of their repeated use after regeneration is becoming more widespread. However, the known methods of litter regeneration, such as biothermal composting in piles without covering or with covering the piles, have certain disadvantages and require improvement in the direction of intensifying biothermal processes and increasing the level of disinfection. Also, these methods relate mainly to the bedding of broiler chickens. The main kinetic regularities of the processes of regeneration of the used litter of other bird species have been insufficiently studied. Considering the above, the goal of our research was to develop an improved method for regenerating used turkey litter and to study its effect in comparison with known methods on the kinetics of the biothermal treatment process, chemical composition and microbial contamination of the litter. An improved method of regeneration was developed, which involved adding a special microbiological preparation to the bedding and irradiating the surface of the pile during composting with ultraviolet radiation (UVR). For comparison, the known methods of litter regeneration were used: 1K – by composting in a pile; 2K – the same and, in addition, covered the litter during composting with foil. As shown by the research results, the addition of a microbiological preparation and covering the shoulder with a film contributed to an increase in the temperature of the litter during the biothermal treatment by 1.2 – 9.4 °C (p <0.05). The addition of a microbiological preparation and irradiation of the surface of the pile with UV radiation made it possible to reduce the emission of ammonia from the litter during its regeneration by 4 – 25 mg/m2 per hour. compared with the first control option (P <0.01), while when the collar was covered with a film, it increased. The highest nitrogen content after biothermal treatment was noted in the litter, the regeneration of which was carried out in accordance with the improved method, and the lowest in the variant where the pile was covered with a film. After biothermal treatment, microbial contamination of the litter with enterobacteria inside the piles decreased in all variants: in the first control by 90 %, when the pile was covered with a film by 93 %, with the addition of a microbiological preparation and irradiation of the pile with ultraviolet radiation (improved method) by 95 %. Covering with a film, and especially irradiation of the pile with ultraviolet radiation, made it possible to significantly reduce microbial contamination of the litter and on the surface of the piles. Microbial contamination of the litter by fungal microorganisms after regeneration decreased 2.5 times – on the surface of the piles, and 5 times – inside.
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