This study deals with long-term temporal changes of body height and weight during various stages of ontogeny: newborns, infancy, early age, fi rst childhood, second childhood, adolescence, and youth. Each age/sex group numbers ca 100 persons, the total sample size is ca 2 000. The meta-analysis is based primarily on growth standards for Russian children, regularly renewed by the Research Institute for the Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents and mostly relating to separate decades of the 20th century. The intensity of the secular trends was assessed through the analysis of scatter plots. The largest share in the secular increase of bodily dimensions belongs to intense growth during the second year of life and during the adolescent growth spurt. The smallest share is that of intrauterine growth, limited by the mother’s body size, and that of growth during adolescence, when the mature body size has been virtually reached and growth rate is minimal. Boys, who are more eco-sensitive, demonstrate greater secular changes than girls, who are eco-resistant. Smaller secular changes in weight than in height in both boys and girls result in the increase of leptosomy. This heterochrony concerns mostly newborns, whose body mass is a standard example of stabilizing selection.
Introduction. Monthly dynamics of sexual dimorphism, SD, of main anthropometric dimensions in pairs of groups of different ethnicity, residing in several capitals of former USSR Republics, is under discussion. Materials and methods. 6 pairs of ethnic groups (1965-1981 years of research) are analyzed — Kalmyk and Russian of Elista, Turkman and Russian of Ashkhabad, Moldavian and Russian of Kishinev, Latvian and Russian of Riga, Tatar and Russian of Kazan, rural Chuvash of Cheboksary. region and Russian of Cheboksary. Data is borrowed from textbooks on physical development, published by Science research institute of child and adolescents hygiene and health protection, collected and treated according to common standard requests. The quantitative estimation of the value of sexual dimorphism is based on Kullback divergence. Results. Relative stability of patterns of dynamics of weight and height and their SD of Kalmyk is in contrast with the significant increase of SD of height of Russian through the first three trimesters. The acceleration of boys compared to girls is fixed for Ashkhabad samples without connection with ethnicity. Turkman boys are characterized by more intensive increase of indices of transversal body development, Russian boys by increase of height first of all. Tatar boys compared to girls have more intensive increase of weight in the first trimester, and more intensive increase of height in the fourth trimester; Russian infants have more or less stable SD of height, but boys have higher levels of weight through the first – third trimesters of the year. Chuvash boys of Cheboksary region as compared to girls have intensive increase of both skeletal growth and weight in the fourth trimester; Russians show the decrease of SD of height towards the end of the year, but keep high levels of SD of weight. In Riga Latvian boys compared to girls have higher rates of increase of height and weight through the first trimester, further on keep the advantage only in weight; Russian boys leave behind girls in weight through the first trimester and in height through the fourth trimester. Conclusion. Analysis of the samples of infants based on pairs of groups «aboriginal - Russian population» revealed that ethnic factor has a significant influence on forming of intergroup variability of growth processes in infancy. Different ethnic groups in one and the same anthropoecological niche have different levels of SD of each somatic dimension and ethno-specific peculiarities of age dynamics of SD of body dimensions.
Íåïðåðûâíûé ìîíèòîðèíã ðîñòîâûõ ïðîöåññîâ äåòåé èìååò íåïðåõîäÿùåå çíà÷åíèå êàê ÷àñòü ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ è ïðèêëàäíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé â îáëàñòè àóêñîëîãèè è ãèãèåíû, ÿâëÿÿñü îñíîâîé äëÿ êîððåêòèðîâêè ðîñòîâûõ ñòàíäàðòîâ è óòî÷íåíèÿ ìåõàíèçìîâ è ôàêòîðîâ ðîñòà è ðàçâèòèÿ ïîäðàñòàþùèõ ïîêîëåíèé. Ñïîð î ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ïðèíöèïàõ îöåíêè ðîñòîâûõ ïðîöåññîâ â êîíêðåòíîé ïîïóëÿöèè, âèäèìî, áåñêîíå÷åí è äèëåììà: «îáùèé èëè ðåãèîíàëüíûé ñòàíäàðò» ÿâëÿåòñÿ â ýòîì ñëó÷àå íàèáîëåå àäåêâàòíûì-îñòàåòñÿ àêòóàëüíîé íà ïðîòÿaeåíèè äåñÿòèëåòèé [Ãîäèíà,
Äèôôåðåíöèàöèÿ èíòåíñèâíîñòè ñåêóëÿðíîé äèíàìèêè ñîìàòè÷åñêèõ ðàçìåðîâ òåëà äåòåé ïî ïåðèîäàì îíòîãåíåçà ÿâëÿåòñÿ òàêîé aeå îáúåêòèâíîé ðåàëüíîñòüþ, êàê è ñàìà ýòàïíîñòü îíòîãåíåçà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåàëüíûì îòðàaeåíèåì íåèçìåííîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè ñîáûòèé â ïðîöåññå èíäèâèäóàëüíîãî ðîñòà è ðàçâèòèÿ. Êàaeäûé èç ýòàïîâ ðàçâèòèÿ õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ óíèêàëüíûì ñïåöèôè-÷åñêèì ñî÷åòàíèåì áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ îñîáåííîñòåé, êîìïëåêñ êîòîðûõ èçìåíÿåòñÿ îò îäíîãî âîçðàñòíîãî ïåðèîäà ê ñëåäóþùåìó. Âñå ðîñòîâûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñîîòíîñÿòñÿ ñ êîíêðåòíûì ýòàïîì ðàçâèòèÿ, ýòî aeå óñëîâèå ÿâëÿåòñÿ íåîáõîäèìûì ïðè èçó÷åíèè ñåêóëÿðíîãî òðåíäà. Ìàòåðèàëû ìèðîâîé ëèòåðàòóðû è ñîáñòâåííûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò, ÷òî èíòåíñèâíîñòü ñåêóëÿðíîé äèíàìèêè
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