RESUMO -Esta é uma pesquisa fenomenológica cujo objetivo foi compreender as vivências de internação em uma enfermaria de adultos de um hospital geral, com a finalidade de trazer elementos para uma discussão sobre o cuidado prestado a essas pessoas do ponto de vista psicológico. Foram realizadas entrevistas a partir da modalidade não-diretiva ativa e redigidas sob forma de narrativa. Os resultados encontrados indicam que: (1) a hospitalização deve ser compreendida enquanto processo; (2) a condição psicológica dos participantes interferiu em sua condição física; (3) os fatos objetivos não se mostraram tão importantes para a qualidade subjetiva da internação quanto o significado de sua vivência; (4) alguns relacionamentos estabelecidos pelos participantes, durante a internação, continham reciprocidade e outros não possuíam esse elemento; (5) os cuidados relacionados a regras e rotinas hospitalares foram recebidos de maneira diferente por cada participante. Existem poucos estudos que levem em consideração a vivência da hospitalização enquanto um processo e também a qualidade subjetiva da internação.Palavras-chave: hospitalização; cuidado; abordagem centrada na pessoa; fenomenologia. Care and Internment Experiences in a General HospitalABSTRACT -This is a phenomenological research whose goal was to understand the internment experiences in an adult infirmary of a general hospital, in order to bring elements for a discussion about the psychological point of view of taking care of these people. The interviews were accomplished from an active, non-directive, modality and written under narrative form. The results indicate that: (1) hospitalization must be understood as a process; (2) the psychological condition of the participants interfered in their physical condition; (3) the objective facts were not as important for the internment subjective quality as the meaning of their experience; (4) some relationships established by the participants, during the internment, contained reciprocity and others did not have this element; and (5) care related to the hospital rules and routines was differently viewed by each participant. There are few studies that take into consideration the hospitalization experience like a process and also the internment subjective quality.Keywords: hospitalization; care; approach centered in the person, phenomenology. Apesar do convívio entre os profissionais do hospital e a pessoa internada ser intenso, e dos profissionais conhecerem algumas peculiaridades da experiência de internação, existem poucas pesquisas que dão voz à pessoa que vivencia o processo da hospitalização. Mesmo no campo da psicologia, há uma especificidade grande na área hospitalar: muitas vezes as pesquisas se referem à internação, mas no âmbito de uma determinada patologia, o que pode tirar o foco da pessoa. Por esse motivo, na presente pesquisa a atenção esteve voltada para as singularidades e diversidades da vivência da hospitalização simplesmente, não tendo como critério de inclusão dos participantes qualquer diagnóstico médico...
Racial themes in Psychology graduation from the Pedagogical-Political Projects analysis: silence and hidingThe objective of this present research was to analyze Pedagogical-Political Projects (PPPs) in the psychology courses, focusing on the racial issues. To achieve this objective, it was necessary to act a more expansive analysis. Thus, firstly, it was discussed the available information in the curricular emphasis and the area where the courses are located within each institution. It was investigated how some themes which can be linked to the discussion of the racial questions, can be found in the PPPs. They are: exclusion, inclusion, diversity, Human Rights, social disparities, discrimination and prejudices. Finally, in view of all this material, resulting from the former analysis, we identified how the theme studied is settled in the texts of the projects, which includes questions tied to the race, to the racism, to the white people, black people, african, 'quilombolas' and to the Politics of Affirmative Action (AAP). It is a qualitative documental research that had the data worked out from the proposal of the context thematic analysis. The selection of the projects was carried out from January 2014 to February 2015, based on a list of Psychology Courses from all over Brazil provided by the Brazilian Association of Psychology Teaching (ABEP), in which includes the institutions electronical addresses. There are 421 courses added to the list, but only 35 have made their PPP available on the internet and have had their texts analyzed. The results indicate that the training model offered in the curricular emphasis still maintains a view of the traditional clinic, that is also named health emphasis. Such perspective puts in evidence a vision of individualist man, who does not take into consideration the problems, which come out from the social structure and cause psychic pain. The themes studied are mentioned superficially and occasionally. However, when they are analyzed carefully, they show contradictions which belong to the ideology that keeps them. There is a silencing of the themes, which shows social contradictions such as: the racism, the exclusion and the disparities. Mentions related to the ethnicity, to the diversity and the inclusion are mentioned more frequently. This reveals an option of the Psychology courses for not dealing with the tensions of such problems. This fact does not review the privileges of the white people (majority group in the analyzed courses) and also how not to reflect about the eurocentric theories. The fragility of how this theme is treated was more evident when analyzing the disciplines. The racial subject, when is treated, it is just limited to some disciplines, as Anthropology or Sociology in which the discussions about race and racism are not in evidence and overlap the ethnic question. Finally, Psychology courses must rethink their proposals in a deeper way about racial thematic, considering that it structures our social relations.
O presente artigo apresenta uma pesquisa realizada em 2016 que teve como objetivo compreender a experiência da superação de atletas profissionais e amadores a partir de uma perspectiva fenomenológica. As entrevistas e análises realizadas com atletas do Jiu Jitsu ajudaram a compreender o fenômeno da superação. A superação relacionou-se a uma experiência positiva, que proporciona ganhos e se estende para fora do contexto esportivo, e que tendo o limite como característica essencial atribui valor à prática esportiva em si. O atleta que passa a reconhecer seus limites ao ser desafiado relaciona-se com aspectos existenciais da vida estudados pela Psicologia de referencial fenomenológico.
RESUMOCom o objetivo de conhecer a vivência de médicos no atendimento de pacientes por eles considerados psicossomáticos, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de perspectiva fenomenológica em que quatro profissionais foram entrevistados. Como resultado, os médicos não referiram formação teórico-prática sobre o tema, mas apontaram para um conhecimento construído a partir de suas experiências clínicas, em função de como entendem: a formação do sintoma; a caracterização destes pacientes e as doenças consideradas psicossomáticas e o tratamento vislumbrado. Estes médicos refletiram o mesmo mosaico conceitual encontrado entre os estudos científicos de psicossomática os quais revelam a temática atravessada pelo raciocínio determinista do modelo biomédico. Conclui-se que novos modelos são necessários tanto no campo da medicina como da psicossomática.Palavras-chave: medicina psicossomática; relações médico-paciente; educação médica; pesquisa qualitativa. ABSTRACT Understanding of the Psychosomatic Disorder from the Experience of PhysiciansWith the aim of knowing physicians' experience in the assistance of patients considered by them as psychosomatic, a qualitative and phenomenological research was done with four doctors. As a result, the doctors didn't report any theoretical-practical formation on the theme, but pointed to a built knowledge based upon their clinical experience, as they understand: the formation of the symptom; the characterization of these patients and the disorders considered psychosomatic and their due treatment. These doctors reflected the same conceptual mosaic found among scientific studies on psychosomatics, which reveal such thematic crossed by the biomedical model's deterministic thinking. It is concluded that new models are as necessary in the field of medicine as in that of psychosomatics.
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