This study analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of crude and adjusted rates of incidence of tuberculosis (TB) between 1997 and 2006, identifying areas of greatest risk to the indigenous and non-indigenous population of Rondônia State, Brazil. An ecological study was conducted analyzing municipalities and Indian reserves, using the local empirical Bayesian method. The crude average rate of incidence of TB among the non-indigenous population was 35.6/100,000 inhabitants, while for the indigenous population it was 415.0/100,000. Rates greater than 600/100,000 were reported in the Karipuna, Sete de Setembro, Igarapé, Ribeirão and Karitiana reserves. We observed a greater number of cases in under 15 year-olds with little schooling in contrast to the situation in the non-indigenous population. After making adjustments, the rates in some Indian reserves exceeded 240/100,000 inhabitants, while in coinciding municipalities incidence was between the range of 61-120/100,000. The Bayesian method led to decreased overall heterogeneity in rates. Evidence suggests that the indigenous population is more vulnerable to contracting TB and highlighted areas that require further attention to ensure the adequate control of TB in Rondônia.

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The use of self-reported data to estimate cancer in the population, as well as for the knowledge of its determinants, has been shown to be useful in epidemiological studies. In addition, the use of genetic data in cancer and aging research has shown promise. However, there are few longitudinal studies on aging that analyzed both the validity of self-report of cancer and the prevalence of the history of the disease, plus the analysis of living and health conditions, and the presence of pathogenic variants associated with hereditary cancer. This thesis is presented in the form of two manuscripts. The first manuscript verified the validity of the self-report of cancer history and described the prevalence of the disease, before and after the linkage, between the Health, Well-Being and Aging Study (SABE) database with the Population-Based Cancer Registry of São Paulo (RCBP-SP). The second manuscript analyzed changes in the living and health conditions of elderly people with a history of cancer over a five-year period, identified the associated factors at two different times, and described the presence of pathogenic mutations associated with hereditary cancer. Self-reported cancer had an accuracy of 98.5%, sensitivity of 82.1% (95%CI: 74.7-89.4), specificity of 95.6% (95%CI: 94.2-97.0), positive predictive value of 59.6% (95%CI: 50.6-68.6) and negative predictive value of 98.6% (95%CI: 97.8-99.3).