Groundwater in Phu My town is exploited essentially in Pleistocene aquifer and, used for many purposes like irrigation, domestic, production and animal husbandry. In this study, Groundwater Quality Index (EWQI) is calculated with Entropy weight method to determine the suitability of groundwater quality in study area. This method demonstrates the objectivity of each parameter calculated based on the degree of variability of each value and depends on the sample data source. The groundwater samples were collected from 17 wells in dry and wet seasons in 2017 with ten water quality parameters (pH, TDS, TH, Cl-, F-, NH4+-N, NO3--N, SO42-, Pb và Fe2+) were selected for analysising. The analysis results indicate groundwater quality is divided into 4 categories in this study area. In particular, over 70% of wells are "very good" water quality in both dry and wet seasons. Only 6% of wells are " water unsuitable for drinking purpose" of the total number of mornitoring wells in the study area.
For coastal areas, groundwater aquifers' salinization has intensified due to multiple reasons, e.g., climate changes, continuous groundwater exploitation, and other anthropogenic activities. In Ba Ria – Vung Tau province, the Pleistocene aquifer is an essential source of water supply for drinking, agriculture, and industrial purposes. Thus, a groundwater vulnerability assessment was required. The objective of the study is to estimate groundwater vulnerability against salinization by applying the overlay index model DRASTIC (Depth of water, net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone, and hydraulic Conductivity) together with geographic information system (GIS). The modified DRASTIC models were applied to improve the consistency of the conventional model with the actual conditions of the study area. The total dissolved solid (TDS) data collected from 31 monitoring boreholes was applied to validate the groundwater vulnerability assessments. The results show that around 0.97%, 84.94%, and 14.09% of areas fall under low, moderate, and high vulnerable zones, respectively. They also confirm the seaward-increasing tendency of vulnerability. The study demonstrates that optimizing a conventional DRASTIC model through Entropy weight modification and integrating the land use layer in the original DRASTIC (DRASTIC-EN-LU) model had the best performance. Among the intrinsic factors, D, I, and LU are the most sensitive parameters in the study area. The accurate assessment of groundwater vulnerability is necessary for control and prevention in the province of Ba Ria-Vung Tau. Findings of this study can help authorities of Ba Ria-Vung Tau province in groundwater protection and decision-making with regards to salinization.
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