Beads-on-string-shaped polymers incorporating cage silsesquioxanes in the main chain, especially double-decker-shaped phenyl-substituted silsesquioxanes (DDSQ), have received significant attention in the past few decades. Difunctionalized isobutyl-substituted cage octasilsesquioxane (T8) have slso...
The combination of 3,13-bis(3-aminopropyl)-double-decker-shaped-silsesquioxane and a fluorinated dianhydride produces a flexible polyimide with a low Tg, high heat resistance, and excellent solvent solubility. The fluorinated dianhydride loosened the interchain packing to suppress CT interactions, leading to the formation of a colorless polyimide.
Establishing a design concept for low-dielectric constant (ε r ) and low dissipation factor (tan δ) polymeric materials is vital to improve signal transmission rates. Polyurea-based polymers with strong dipole moments have been reported to achieve higher ε r (above 5.0) than most of the traditional polymer dielectrics. However, polyurea-based polymers with low ε r and tan δ values have not been reported yet. In this study, bis(3-aminopropyl)-doubledecker-shaped phenyl-substituted silsesquioxane (DDSQ) (1) was polymerized with various diisocyanates, i.e., methylenediphenyl 4,4′-diisocyanate (2a), 4,4′diisocyanato-3,3′-dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate (2b), m-xylene diisocyanate (2c), 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane (2d), 4,4′-methylenebis-(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (2e), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (2f), to obtain the corresponding polyureas (3a−f). Optically transparent, colorless, and flexible freestanding films were obtained by casting the polyurea solutions in tetrahydrofuran. Among the tested polymers, polyureas from 2a and 2e exhibited ε r less than 3.0. Incorporation of the DDSQ units produced free volume, resulting in low ε r . Polyureas from 2e and 2f exhibited the lowest tan δ of approx. 7 × 10 −3 . The polyurea from 2e had the lowest urea content and thus had the lowest density and lowest ε r . Additionally, strong hydrogen bonding in the polyurea from 2e inhibited local motion, resulting in a low tan δ even though the urea content was low. Water vapor permeability measurements revealed greater free volume content introduced by the co-oligomerization of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), especially in the polyurea from 2e. Among the reported combinations, the combination of DDSQ and urea groups provides unique low ε r and low tan δ polymeric materials.
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