Background: Acute appendicitis (AC) is a common surgical problem requiring emergency hospitalization for urgent appendectomy. In case of diabetic patients, the incidence of developing acute appendicitis including its complications like abscess, gangrene and perforation is higher than non-diabetic. Day by day, laparoscopic appendectomy is having an improved outcome in non-diabetic and non-obese patients. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic appendectomy versus open appendectomy in acute appendicitis of obese diabetic patients. Methods: A comparative study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka City. Hospitalized obese diabetic patients with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis, who underwent appendectomy, were considered as study population. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2 according to World Health Organization and American Obesity Association guidelines. Patients were divided into two groups according to type of appendectomy; 50 patients by laparoscopic appendectomy as group LA and 50 patients by open appendectomy as group OA. Results: Most patients were obese I (30.0-34.9 kg/m2) in group LA and OA (92.0% and 86.0%, respectively, p<0.05). Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus was detected in most of the patients of both group LA (96.0%) and OA (98.0%). Mean operation time, mean duration of post-operation ileus, mean hospital stay and post-operation complications were less in group LA than group OA which is statistically significant (p< 0.05). No patient developed wound infection after laparoscopic appendectomy; whereas, 8.0% patients had wound infection in open appendectomy (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, laparoscopic appendectomy had good outcome over its open counterpart regarding shorter operating time, hospital stay, less wound infection, postoperative pain and time to return to usual activities. Birdem Med J 2020; 10(3): 145-148

Background: Diabetic foot is one of the most feared complications of diabetes and is the leading cause of hospitalization in diabetic patients. Limb-threatening infection in diabetic patients are usually polymicrobial involving both multiple aerobic and anaerobic organisms.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study, conducted in the Department of Surgery and Microbiology at BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of 9 months during January 2017- September’ 2017. The study included a total of 77 adult patients of clinically diagnosed diabetic foot patients presenting to outpatient department and emergency ward. The standard case definition of diabetic foot is ‘any pathology occurring in the foot of a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus or as a result of long term complication of diabetes mellitus’.Results: 17(22.1%) patients had Klebsiella pneumonia, 14(18.2%) had Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11(14.3%) had Staphylococcus aureus, 10(13.0%) had Escherichia coli, 6(7.8%) had Coagulase-negative staphylococci and 8(10.4%) had Providencia spp. In Escherichia coli 100% sensitivity to imipenem, 70% to amoxicillinclavulanic acid, amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactam. In Coagulase-negative Staphylococci 83.3% sensitivity to tetracycline, 66.7% to ceftriaxone. In Proteus mirabilis 100% sensitivity to tetracycline, amikacin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam. In Enterococcus spp.75.0% sensitivity to tetracycline. In Citrobacter spp. 100% sensitivity to imipenem.Conclusion: Common organism found in diabetic foot ulcer patients were Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Providencia spp. In tetracycline, amikacin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam was 100% sensitive in Proteus mirabilis and only imipenem found in Citrobacter spp.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(3): 251-256

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Background: Diabetic foot is one of the most feared complications of diabetes and is the leading cause of hospitalization in diabetic patients. Limb-threatening diabetic infections are usually polymicrobial involving multiple aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Methodology: The present study was a cross sectional study, conducted in the department of surgery and microbiology at BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of 9 months during January 2017- September' 2017. The study included a total of 77 adult patients of clinically diagnosed diabetic foot patients presenting to outpatient department and emergency ward. The standard case definition of diabetic foot is 'any pathology occurring in the foot of a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus or as a result of long term complication of diabetes mellitus'. Results: Majority 17(22.1%) patients had Klebsiella pneumonia, 14(18.2%) had Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11(14.3%) had Staphylococcus aureus, 10(13.0%) had Escherichia coli, 6(7.8%) had Coagulase-negative staphylococci and 8(10.4%) had Providencia spp. In Escherichia coli 100% sensitivity to imipenem, 70% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactam. In Coagulasenegative Staphylococci 83.3% sensitivity to tetracycline, 66.7% to ceftriaxone. In Proteus mirabilis 100% sensitivity to tetracycline, amikacin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam. In Enterococcus spp.75.0% sensitivity to tetracycline. In Citrobacter spp. 100% sensitivity to imipenem. Conclusion: Common organism found in diabetic foot ulcer patients were Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Providencia spp. In tetracycline, amikacin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam was 100% sensitive in Proteus mirabilis and only imipenem found in Escherichia coli and Citrobacter spp. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 10, No. 1: Jan 2019, P 50-55

In this era of globalization and rapid growth of world economy size of directors' remuneration is a matter of international debate. Current anxieties are around the increase in executive pay as reports disclose that executive pay no longer corresponds with performance and the gap of wealth have widened since the 1980s. The courts, nevertheless, has been reluctant to scrutinise this condition, neither has the legislature shown any interest to fix any standard of pay. Model Articles for Public Companies allow the board of directors to delegate their powers on conditions they seem fit. Compared the pay of CEOs of companies of Japan, Germany and UK with the USA and found that USA and UK were closest with their generous pay. This comparison is important since the UK and the USA have been taking serious techniques to prevent extra pay. This paper will discuss about the issues with remuneration highlighting the legal control of director's remuneration and the flaws of regulations from different viewpoints of shareholder, executive and company along with social and economic the factors that increases director's remuneration.