The flow resulting from suddenly heating a semi-infinite, vertical wall immersed in
a stationary fluid has been described in the following way: at any fixed position on
the plate, the flow is initially described as one-dimensional and unsteady, as though
the plate is doubly infinite; at some later time, which depends on the position, a
transition occurs in the flow, known as the leading-edge effect (LEE), and the flow
becomes two-dimensional and steady. The transition is characterized by the presence
of oscillatory behaviour in the flow parameters, and moves with a speed greater than
the maximum fluid velocities present in the boundary layer. A stability analysis of
the one-dimensional boundary layer flow performed by Armfield & Patterson (1992)
showed that the arrival times of the LEE determined by numerical experiment were
predicted well by the speed of the fastest travelling waves arising from a perturbation
of the initial one-dimensional flow. In this paper, we describe an experimental
investigation of the transient behaviour of the boundary layer on a suddenly heated
semi-infinite plate for a range of Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers. The experimental
results confirm that the arrival times of the LEE at specific locations along the plate,
relatively close to the leading edge, are predicted well by the Armfield & Patterson
theory. Further, the periods of the oscillations observed following the LEE are consistent
with the period of the maximally amplified waves calculated from the stability
result. The experiments also confirm the presence of an alternative mechanism for the
transition from one-dimensional to two-dimensional flow, which occurs in advance of
the arrival of the LEE at positions further from the leading edge.
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