IMPORTANCE COVID-19 has disproportionately affected Black individuals in the US; however, vaccination rates among Black individuals trail those among other racial groups. This disparity is often attributed to a high level of vaccine hesitancy among Black individuals, but few studies have examined changes in vaccine hesitancy over time. OBJECTIVES To compare changes in vaccine hesitancy between Black and White individuals in the US and to examine mechanisms that might help explain the observed differences. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This survey study used 7 waves of data collected using a panel design. A total of 1200 English-speaking adults in the US were recruited from a nonprobability online panel to construct a census-matched sample. Participants were contacted monthly between

Several medical management approaches have been shown to be effective in preventing breast cancer and detecting it early among women at elevated risk: 1) prophylactic mastectomy; 2) prophylactic oophorectomy; 3) chemoprevention; and 4) enhanced screening routines. To varying extents, however, these approaches are substantially underused relative to clinical practice recommendations. This article reviews the existing research on the uptake of these prevention approaches, the characteristics of women who are likely to use various methods, and the decision-making processes that underlie the differing choices of women. It also highlights important areas for future research, detailing the types of studies that are particularly needed in four key areas: documenting women’s perspectives on their own perceptions of risk and prevention decisions; explicit comparisons of available prevention pathways and their likely health effects; the psychological, interpersonal, and social processes of prevention decision making; and the dynamics of subgroup variation. Ultimately, this research could support the development of interventions that more fully empower women to make informed and values-consistent decisions, and to move towards favorable health outcomes.

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This paper reviews and reconstructs recent feminist work on welfare states and social policy regimes. We argue that the concept of "regime" should be stretched to incorporate the way that signs organize the relations among subjects authorized to operate on the field of power. We focus on feminist debates over the status of "maternalism" in welfare movements and states to put forward our expanded, culturalist conceptualization of gender regimes. Feminist research on welfare states has been an intellectually adventurous as well as a passionately political enterprise. Feminists have boldly broken with key conventions that inform sociological explanations of state social provision and regulation. So, for example, feminists no longer assume, as modernization theorists and structuralist Marxists do, that the main contours of welfare state development can be explained by the requirements of capitalist economic reproduction; nor do they insist, a la power resource modelers, that what matters most is the balance of forces between labor, and capital. Feminist researchers do assume from the get-go that gender-that is, in the most minimal sense, definitions of femininity and masculinity-has a formative role in state making, as it does in all known social arenas. 1 But feminists have been increasingly open to Social Politics Spring 2001

BackgroundIncreasing attention is being paid to financial burdens of cancer survivorship, but little is known about the prevalence and predictors of these burdens in older, long‐term survivors.MethodsWe used data from 6012 participants diagnosed with cancer since enrolling in the Women's Health Initiative, and who participated in the Life and Longevity After Cancer (LILAC) ancillary study to estimate prevalence and identify predictors of financial burden. We used logistic regression to identify sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health‐ and cancer‐related factors associated with financial burden and backward selection to build a final multivariable model.ResultsAverage age at LILAC participation was 79 and 9.2 years had elapsed since cancer diagnosis. Overall, 6% experienced some form of financial burden, including having an insurance company refuse a claim (2.6%), being denied loans or insurance due to cancer history (2.2%), or experiencing significant indebtedness (1.8%, including facing large debts or bills or declaring bankruptcy). Eight predictors remained associated (P < 0.05) with financial burden in the fully‐adjusted model: younger age, shorter time since diagnosis, African‐American race, household income <$20 000/year, modified Charlson comorbidity score ≥2, receipt of chemotherapy, regional stage at diagnosis, and no private health insurance. Education, cancer site, social support, receipt of radiation, and receipt of hormone therapy were not associated with financial burden. Predictors differed between types of financial burden experienced and age at diagnosis (<65 vs 65+).ConclusionCancer‐related financial burden was rare in this population of older, female long‐term cancer survivors. The identification of several socioeconomic, health‐related and demographic predictors of financial burden may suggest targets of intervention to reduce financial burdens.PrecisFinancial burden was uncommon in older, female, long‐term survivors. Predictors of financial burden included age, race, income, comorbidities, time since diagnosis, stage, insurance, and receipt of chemotherapy.