Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC; undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma) is a rare and perpetually fatal malignant tumour accounting for 1 to 2 percent of all thyroid gland neoplasms. It usually affects elderly people, with a mean age in the mid 60s, and shows a female predominance. 1 The osteoclast-like giant cell-rich variant of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is extremely rare and is characterised by the presence of a large number of multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. We report here this unusual tumour
In this paper, first time a rare case of solitary metastasis of papillary carcinoma of thyroid in the kidney diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology has been described.
Aims
In this paper, we reviewed the basic principle and the currentstatus of digital cytopathology.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed the published papers on digitalcytology and analysed its future prospects.
Results
Virtualcytology using digital platform is being increasingly used to render diagnosisrather than conventional glass slide microscopy. Whole slide imaging (WSI)offers the prospect of true virtual microscopy and in the near future, may evenreplace glass slides in routine practice. It may be pivotal in diagnosing andtraining pathology graduates faster and more accurately.
Conclusion
The digital cytopathology is a promising field and may have great impact indiagnosis, research and teaching.
Background
Germ cell tumours infrequently metastasise to body cavities, where early detection on fluid samples is possible and can spearhead early treatment and survival.
Materials and methods
A total of seven cases of metastatic germ cell tumours were retrieved out of 7500 effusion samples received for cytopathological examination from 2015 to 2021. Detailed cytological features of metastatic germ cell tumours in effusion samples were studied, along with a correlation between clinical, radiological, and histopathological features.
Results
A total of seven cases of metastatic germ cell tumours were analysed in effusion samples which included dysgerminoma (2), immature teratoma (2), yolk sac tumour (1), embryonal carcinoma (1), and mixed germ cell tumour (1). The smears showed predominantly discrete or loose clusters of cells. The cells with round nuclei and prominent nucleoli were helpful in detecting dysgerminoma and yolk sac tumours. Immature teratoma showed tiny groups of small cells and mature squamous cells. Serum tumour markers were raised in the majority of cases.
Conclusion
Metastatic germ cell tumours in effusion are uncommon, but detailed clinical history, including serum markers and characteristic cytological features, are helpful in their diagnosis.
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