India is a country where every religion and community celebrates their culture. Festivals have an important role in Indian culture and are celebrated whole-heartedly by the citizens. Most of these celebrations culminate to causing pollution especially noise pollution due to festivities and rituals. One such festival is Ganesh Chaturthi or Ganeshotsav which is magnificently celebrated in Maharashtra state of India. In the present study, noise pollution levels during Ganeshotsav at famous community pandals in Mumbai city were monitored in the year 2020. Noise level data was analyzed based on indices such as L 10, L 50, L 90, noise pollution level (LNP ) and noise climate (NC). Comparison of noise levels was carried out for the collected data during Ganesh Chaturthi in the previous years of 2018 and 2019. The city witnessed simple festival celebration in eco-friendly manner leading to significant decrease in noise levels due to CoVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic situation is an eye-opener for the city administration with demonstration in reduction of noise pollution. Many aspects of the pandemic can be carried forward in making new guidelines and policies to curtail pollution and eco-friendly celebration of festivals.
Objective: Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has been proposed to have a strong association with coronary artery disease(CAD) and subclinical atherosclerosis . Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is the well-established non-invasive surrogate index of atherosclerotic burden in arterial beds independent of conventional risk factors. Present study was an attempt to assess CAD risk in NAFLD patients by estimating coronary calcification. Design and method: cross sectional. Sonographically confirmed NAFLD patients between 30-60 years of either sex were included after obtaining informed consent and study approval by institutional ethics committee. Those with alcohol intake,acute and chronic infectious diseases, patients on parenteral nutrition, hepatotoxic drug intake, pregnant and lactating women and known CAD were excluded. History, Examination and investigations were recorded. CAC estimation was performed using 384 slice Dual source machine and CAC score was calculated by Agatston method. Statistical analysis by SPSS. Results: Out of 152 NAFLD patients, 79 (52.0%) were Grade I, 37 (24.3%) were Grade II and 36 (23.7%) Grade III. Mean age was 49 years with 86 males and 66 females. Considering comorbidities; 47 were diabetic,62 hypertensive, 36 hypothyroid and 6 dyslipidemic. CACS of patients ranged from zero to 620.80. Observed CACS and CAD Risk in NAFLD patients Significantly increased CACS were observed in Grade III NAFLD cases (208.08±193.92) followed by Grade II (53.90±82.67) and minimum in Grade I (9.84±52.93). Conclusions: Accelerated atherosclerosis in NAFLD maybe due to high oxidative stress,inflammatory markers like TNF Alpha, interleukin-6, oxidized LDL, insulin resistance, and macrophage activation. Present study was conducted to estimate coronary artery calcification in NAFLD by determining coronary artery calcium scores. Higher grades of NAFLD patients had moderate to high risk of CAD as evidenced by high CACS. This study shows that asymptomatic patients of NAFLD may have high atherosclerotic burden thus need to commence preventive measures before occurrence of an adverse CV event.
As the coronavirus pandemic is on the rise, many compounds with anti-viral properties are under investigation. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) being the daily debated daily during this COVID-19 pandemic is an immunomodulatory drug which has been used for indications like malaria, systemic lupus erythematosus and arthritis. Although some researchers have claimed its effectiveness against coronavirus, it results in proarrhythmic effects and drug-induced long QT syndrome. These cardiac issues while using hydroxychloroquine, have limited its use against coronavirus. A literature search was performed, and general safety information of this drug was collected. It can be concluded that this drug leads to cardiovascular events, heart disease, hypotension, tachycardia, and QT interval prolongation, sometimes in combination with other drugs and should be prescribed to the patients only after thoroughly estimating its benefit risk ratio.
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