Tourism has become the world’s third-largest export industry after fuels and chemicals, and ahead of food and automotive products. From last few years, there has been a great surge in international tourism, culminates to 7% share of World’s total exports in 2016. To this end, the study attempts to examine the relationship between inbound tourism, financial development and economic growth by using the panel data over the period 1995–2015 for five BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries. The results of panel ARDL cointegration test indicate that tourism, financial development and economic growth are cointegrated in the long run. Further, the Granger causality analysis demonstrates that the causality between inbound tourism and economic growth is bi-directional, thus validates the ‘feedback-hypothesis’ in BRICS countries. The study suggests that BRICS countries should promote favorable tourism policies to push up the economic growth and in turn economic growth will positively contribute to international tourism.

Bhrngamalkadi Taila is an ancient Ayurvedic formulation used in treatment of various diseases such as Svara Ksaya (Laryngitis), Badhiratva (deafness), Palita (Greying of hair), Dantacalana (Dentifrices) etc. even though Bhrngamalkadi Taila is having great significance, no extensive data available for its standardization. The present work intends to prepare and standardize Bhrngamalkadi Taila by various physicochemical parameters.

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Indian planners since independence have tried to put financial inclusion at the centre of their policy. But despite nationalization of banks, establishment of cooperative societies, and many other such policies have not been able to substantially improve the livelihood of the poor. In view of pathetic financial coverage over a period of time, PMJDY was launched in 2014 as a comprehensive plan based on six pillars viz. Universal Access to Banking Facilities, Providing Basic Banking Accounts, Financial Literacy, Credit Guarantee Fund, Micro Insurance and Pension Scheme. The present study is an attempt to look into the financial literacy, financial penetration, and poverty status of PMJDY account holders in Aligarh district. The study also investigates gender wise and caste wise differential among PMJDY account holders. The study is based on primary data for which a sample of 100 households was taken on a random basis. The sample was collected from three villages of Lodha and Atrauli blocks of Aligarh district. The results show a significant gender and caste wise differential with regard to transaction by self, awareness about DBT, savings, and receiving & activating Rupay debit card. Further, there exists caste wise but not gender wise differential because of motivation/reason behind opening an account in PMJDY and agreement on fulfillment of government's objectives. More than 80 percent of the respondents strongly agree/agree with the notion that they opened PMJDY account in anticipation that Rs.15 lakhs will be transferred into their account as promised by the present government. This simply shows the degree of political innocence of poor rural masses. Gender wise analysis clarifies that there exist a significant difference between male and female households in terms of multi dimensionally poor population but not on account of average intensity of deprivation. Dimension wise significant differential is present on education and living standard dimension but not on health dimension. Taking general category as base category, the MPI is 70 percent higher for OBCs and 230 percent larger for SCs. This shows caste wise large disparity on poverty front among PMJDY beneficiaries.