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Background When a power system blackout occurs, it affects the economy of the country and every aspect of human life. Cascading failures can easily occur and cause a major blackout in the power grid due to the breakdown or failure of important nodes or links. Recently, transmission network reconfiguration (TNR) becomes a hot topic and has made many concerns after major blackouts of power systems. Aims TNR is the second‐stage action plan to restore power systems and plays a major role in the process of power system restoration. On the other hand, grid resilience involves a quick dynamic reconfiguration of power systems to minimize the propagation of attack influences on the grid. The motivations to include the works in this survey are based on the quality of the research performed in the transmission network reconfiguration problem for grid resilience. In this article, the state‐of‐the‐art review of recent progress in the network reconfiguration problem of the transmission system for grid resilience is discussed with practical challenges, technical issues, and power industry practices. Materials & Methods In this paper, complex network theory‐based indices with advantages, disadvantages, and their applications have been discussed to assess the important nodes and lines for network reconfiguration problem during sudden disturbances in power systems. Furthermore, optimization models have been presented with objective functions as well as their constraints. Taken together, optimization methodologies have been discussed to solve network reconfiguration problem with merits and demerits. Results This survey paper presents current trends in research and future research directions concerning transmission network reconfiguration for academic researchers and practicing engineers. Furthermore, the most current studies in improving transmission network reconfiguration problem are reviewed by highlighting their advantages and limitations. Discussion Based on a thorough comparison of literature some future perspectives are also discussed for transmission network reconfiguration problem for grid resilience. Conclusion This review paper provides a comprehensive review of current practices applied to transmission network reconfiguration. The core focus of this paper will remain on complex network theory‐based indices, optimization models, optimization methodologies, challenges, and technical issues, and discusses future direction for transmission network reconfiguration problem for grid resilience. Furthermore, the most current studies in improving transmission network reconfiguration problem are reviewed by highlighting their advantages and limitations.

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Prevention of accidents is extremely difficult in absence of present situation analysis, as the aim to identify the incident locations and safety deficiency area is the key to work out the effective solution. To access the feasibility of using Geographic Information System (GIS) for mapping of incident locations with an existing data source is vital to estimate variation of RTAs (Road Traffic Accidents) pattern by interpolating. Generally, accident particulars like location, date, time, sex and suspect are included in GIS database. Here, Arc GIS (10.2.1) software is applied to identify incident locations in Karachi district. To reduce the accidents in particular area/study area and in order to sustain coverage for emergency response, there may be such more factors including the number of ambulances deployed, their position/location, and dispatching strategies that affect the EMS system, authors strictly recommended covering based probabilistic model for (Rescue-15) solving the problem of ambulance locations. GIS facilitates the respective authority to do assessment and to analyze the entire position of the accident with the help of GPS or additional sources of information while consequences are utilized as part of the preparation progression is based on the acuity of the patient in time.

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