We investigated the thyroid function of 151 children with Down syndrome. Compared with a control group of 89 siblings nearest in age to their brother or sister with Down syndrome the mean TSH value was significantly higher in children with Down syndrome than in the non-Down syndrome children (8.49 ~U / m l vs. 3.55 ,uU/ml). However, the mean Tq levels in both groups were nearly the same (8.36 pg/dl and 8.60 ~g/dl). In the Down syndrome group there was a trend for TSH values to increase and for T4 values to decrease with advancing age. Of the 151 patients with Down syndrome, 10 had both significantly elevated TSH levels ( > 9.5 pU/ml) and significantly decreased T levels (< 5.5 ,ug/dl) 21 had abnormally high TSH values ( > 9.5 rU4ml), 7 had markedly
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