Introduction. Nephrotoxicity is the most common and severe side effect of cisplatin. Cisplatin causes nephrotoxicity through free radical production and debilitating cellular antioxidant capacity. Coffee is a commonly consumed drink and its ingredients have antioxidant roles that could bring benefits to patients affected by nephrotoxicity. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of our locally grown green coffee beans against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. Methods. The posttest only control group design was employed on a total of thirty male Swiss albino mice. The mice were divided into five groups: group I (normal control group) received distilled water; group II (negative control group) received distilled water; and groups III–V (treatment groups) received 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg BW/day of green coffee bean extract for 14 days, respectively. Nephrotoxicity was induced in groups II–V by a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg). All mice were sacrificed after 14 days and blood was drawn to evaluate kidney function tests (serum creatinine and serum blood urea nitrogen). Besides, body weight, relative kidney weight, and kidney histopathology were investigated. Result. Our results showed that treatment of cisplatin alone (group II mice) significantly increased serum creatinine, serum blood urea nitrogen, relative kidney weight, and pathological damage to the kidney with a decrease in final body weight. However, low-dose green coffee beans (group III), medium-dose green coffee beans (group IV), and high-dose green coffee beans (group V) mice showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in serum creatinine, serum blood urea nitrogen, and relative kidney weight. Furthermore, the dose-dependent treatment with green coffee bean extract prevented the decrease in body weight gain and pathological damage to the kidney in mice. Conclusion. Our locally grown green coffee beans brought a dose-dependent ameliorative effect and a promising preventive approach against cisplatin-induced kidney damage in mice.
In the era of globalization, nations invest in their education system to be the best so that their children can fit to the order of the day through acquiring and developing the necessary skills, knowledge, values and dispositions. The institutions meant to provide these services: schools, colleges/universities, based on the education policy, play indispensable role to face the challenges of contemporary society especially in the 21st century. The article explored how Ethiopian and Indian education systems are similar and different based on the major unit of analysis viz. historical development, education and training policy, structure of the education system, teacher quality and teaching environment, and governance and financing in education. In other words, it dealt with issues where both countries differ and how they are leading the student’s progression from their pre-primary to terminal degree programs with far-reaching recommendations to augment the value of education.
The purpose of this paper was to investigate to what extent the diversity dimensions are addressed in the current Education and Training Policy. To that end, document analysis was employed. The major diversity dimensions were analyzed based on their cardinal features. The study demonstrated that there is an ambitious need to address issues of diversity into the Ethiopian Education and Training Policy. Nevertheless, there are missing dimensions in the document. Moreover, the specific elements of the dimensions are not exhaustively treated. Implications which are believed to advance fair representation of different groups based on the identified dimensions are indicated in the article.
Background Cancer is becoming the most common global public health concern. Early malnutrition detection and treatment in patients with cancer is an important aspect of cancer management. Although Subjective global assessment (SGA) is a gold standard nutritional assessment tool, it is not routinely utilized due to it is tedious and needs patient literacy. Thus, early detection of malnutrition necessitates alternative parameters comparable with SGA. Therefore this study aims to evaluate serum albumin, Total Protein (TP), and Hemoglobin (Hgb) and their correlation with malnutrition in patients with cancer at Jimma Medical Center (JMC). Methods Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 15 to December 15, 2021 G.C at JMC among a total of 176 adult patients with cancer selected via a systematic sampling technique. Nutritional status and behavioural data were collected using the SGA tool and a structured questionnaire. Five ml of venous blood was collected and the level of serum albumin, TP and Hgb were measured using Cobas®6000 chemistry analyzer and hematology analyzer UniCel DxH 800. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r), and logistic regression analysis were implemented for analysis. Result From the total of 176 study participants, 69.3% were females and the mean age was 50.1 ± 13.7 years. Based on SGA, 61.4% of the patients were malnourished. There was a significant decrease in the mean level of serum albumin, TP and Hgb in malnourished as compared to well-nourished patients. Serum albumin(r=-0.491), TP(r=-0.270), and Hgb (r=-0.451) had a significant correlation with SGA tool. Stage IV cancer AOR = 4.98 (1.23–20.07), Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer AOR = 3.39(1.29–8.88) and malnutrition AOR = 3.9(1.81–8.4) were significantly associated with hypoalbuminemia. Similarly, age of > 64 years AOR = 6.44(1.55–26.67), GI cancer AOR = 2.92(1.01–6.29) and malnutrition AOR = 3.14(1.43–6.94) were significantly associated with hypoproteinemia; and stage-IV cancer AOR = 3.94(1.11–13.35) and malnutrition AOR = 3.8(1.82–8.2) were significantly associated with low Hgb level. Conclusion and recommendation Altered level of serum albumin, TP and Hgb was correlated with the SGA tool of malnutrition. Therefore, it is suggested to be used as an alternative or additional screening tool for prompt detection of malnutrition in adult patients with cancer.
This study aimed at investigating grade four students learning at Jimma town, Ethiopia. A cross sectional survey method was employed. Students, teachers and principals were participants of the study. Standardized tests, questionnaire, interview and observation were the instruments used to collect authentic information from the research participants. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively using various statistical techniques and qualitatively categorizing it in to different themes to substantiate the numerical data. The result indicated that students' learning achievement was inadequate in two key subjects namely English and Mathematics which are the core subjects in all education levels of the country. Moreover, there was immense gap among schools and across subjects in students' performance. The major reasons identified were students' background (family socioeconomic status and educational level and mother tongue), students' interest and attitudes towards key subjects (English, Mathematics, Environmental Science and Mother tongue), availability of learning resources and support from school and the families/guardian. From the factors, the most prominent ones are issues related with their home related problems and utilization of the available resources. Thus, researchers recommended that relentless effort should be exerted by all stakeholders to bring students to the level expected of them as stated in the curricula.Key words: Assessment, learning assessment, key subjects. INTRODUCTION Background of the studyThe main purpose of education, especially at primary level, is to enhance economic and social development of a country by creating learning opportunities at individual, community, and national levels, and to expand literacy and give basis for further training and self-education (MoE, 1994). To attain such major aims, various countries have been designing and implementing different strategies for expanding access and improving quality of schooling.Cognizant of this, Ethiopia also introduced free primary -I, 1996) within the framework of education and training policy as part of a twenty-year education sector indicative plan. The main thrust of ESDP-II (2000) is to improve education quality, relevance, equity, and efficiency and to expand access with special emphasis on primary education in rural and underserved areas, as well as the promotion of education for girls (MoE, 2006). Accordingly, under ESDP III (2005), Ethiopia made significant progress in education. Access at all levels of the education system increased at a rapid rate in line with a sharp increase in the number of teachers, schools and institutions. There were important improvements in the availability of trained teachers and some other inputs which are indispensable for a high quality education system. This has led to rapid increase in the net enrolment rate, which currently stands at around 83% of primary school aged children.The achievements under ESDP III are fundamental to allow Ethiopia to progress towards becoming a middleincome...
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