Extracranial carotid artery aneurysm (ECAA) is a rare vascularpathology with reported incidence of 0.2-5.0% of all carotid artery surgical interventions. Most of ECAAs remain clinically asymptomatic, however, they can manifest in neurological symptoms as transient ischemic attack or stroke. The presence of a pulsating formation, swallowing disorders, signs of compression of cranial nerves may beindicative of the aneurysm growth, which is associated with higher risk of thromboembolic complications and less oftenwith rupture. Surgical treatment is a method of choice in symptomatic patients or in cases of the aneurysm growth and includes resection with arterial reconstruction, ligation of the artery or endovascular intervention. The aim. To improve the results of surgical treatment of ECAAs. Materials and methods. The results of clinical examination, laboratory, instrumental, intraoperative observations were analyzed in 39 patients (35 [89.7%] men and 4 [10.3%] women) with 44 ECAAs, who were admitted to the Vascular Surgery Department of Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital for the period from 2003 to 2022. To conϐirm the diagnosis of ECAA, preoperative instrumental examination included duplex ultrasonography and multispiral computed tomography angiography. Results. Etiological causes of ECAAs included: atherosclerosis (79.5%),ϐibromuscular dysplasia (7.7%), trauma (5.1%), previous operations in the neck region (5.1%) and infection (2.6%). The justiϐication of the choice of surgical tactics depended on the localization of aneurysm, concomitant carotid occlusive disease or pathological deviation of carotid arteries. Early results of surgical treatment were evaluated up to 30 days of the postoperative period. The postoperative complications included: transient ischemic attack in 1 (2.6%), ischemic stroke in 2 (5.1%), cranial nerve damages in 4 (10.3%), thrombosis of arterial reconstruction in 2 (5.1%), hematoma of postoperative wound in 4 (10.3%), infection of postoperative wound in 1 (2.6%) cases. Postoperative mortality was 2.6%. Conclusion. ECAA is a rare clinical disease that requires an active surgical approach to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. Reconstructive surgery of ECAAs is a highly effective method of treatment that allows to achieve satisfactory results and prevent the development of severe complications.
Introduction. Isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (ISMAD) is a rare disease with high variability of clinical manifestations: from incidental findings to the development of acute or chronic mesenteric ischemia and the formation of aneurysms with the probability of their rupture. Despite significant world experience, surgical and conservative treatment of patients with ISMAD remains debatable. The aim. Improvement of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with ISMAD. Clinical cases. In the first clinical observation, a 78-year-old patient with chronic visceral ischemia was diagnosed with an aneurysm of the upper mesenteric artery with signs of dissection and malperfusion. Previous unsuccessful attempts of endovascular treatment at another hospital caused the need for open surgical intervention – resection of the aneurysm and upper mesenteric artery reconstruction. In the second clinical case, a 61-year-old patient had acute abdominal pain syndrome, and based on clinical examination, laboratory and instrumental examination, the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia with signs of dissection of the superior mesenteric artery was confirmed, which determined immediate indications for surgical treatment – resection of the affected segment of superior mesenteric artery and aorta-superior mesenteric bypass. The surgical interventions contributed to complete regression of clinical symptoms. Follow-up of the patients showed promising long-term results. Conclusion. Computed tomography angiography is the method of choice in the diagnosis of ISMAD and makes it possible to provide prompt diagnosis, determine treatment tactics and prevent the development of fatal complications. Open surgical intervention in some cases remains the method of choice in the treatment of ISMAD.
Introduction. Reconstructive surgery of abdominal aortic aneurysms, despite significant international experience, remains one of the most complex issues of current vascular surgery, especially due to anatomical variability of arterial blood supply of the kidneys and abnormalities in their development, among which the most common is a horseshoe kidney. Features of vascularization, placement of the renal isthmus relative to the main vessels, the choice of the optimal method of abdominal aortic aneurysm reconstruction cause a high risk of surgery. The issues of open and endovascular aortic grafting, possibility of crossing the isthmus of the horseshoe kidney, feasibility of reconstruction of additional renal arteries still remain controversial. The aim. Improvement of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms with a horseshoe kidney. Case presentation. In our observation, in a 61-year-old patient, by clinical examination, laboratory and diagnostic imaging the diagnosis of two infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms with a horseshoe kidney was confirmed, that has become a direct indication for surgical intervention: exclusion of infrarenal aortic aneurysms from the blood flow, abdominal aortic prosthetic grafting with reimplantation of the renal isthmus arteries into the prosthetic graft. This clinical case confirms the advantages of open surgical technique, using transperitoneal approach, which not only provided sufficient exposure of the operating area, but also allowed to perform optimal reconstruction of the abdominal aorta without crossing the functioning isthmus of the horseshoe kidney with preservation of blood flow through additional renal arteries. Conclusion. Careful preoperative assessment of the peculiarities of the blood supply of the horseshoe kidney with coexistent abdominal aortic aneurysms allows to optimize the tactics of surgical treatment, prevent the development of severe complications and achieve complete recovery of the patient.
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