<p>Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is an optional cervical cancer screening method. National guideline of Nepal has emphasized using the VIA and intended to achieve at least a 50% screening rate by 2015 but the overall coverage is only 2.4% in 2019. A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the factors associated with the utilization of VIA screening in Bagmati Province, Nepal. A convenience sample of 400 women aged 30 to 60 years was included in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on VIA test and factors associated with it. Awareness, economic status, socio-psychological beliefs, service availability and accessibility, perception on service providers’ performance were associated with low VIA use in the province. VIA screening was associated with socio-demographic variables (χ<sup>2</sup>=29.9; df=4; p=<0.001), knowledge factors (χ<sup>2</sup>=69.29; df=3; p=<0.001) and with the perception on service providers’ performance (χ<sup>2</sup>=433.82; df=6; p=<0.001). Service providers’ approach during the VIA screening mattered to the acceptance of this service. The disparity was observed in the knowledge of cervical cancer and screening by the women. Based on this, there is a need for massive improvement on the awareness of the community about cervical disease and screening services.</p>
Background: Otitis media is the inflammation of the middle ear. Every year, over 700 million people get otitis media. Otitis media-related hearing loss nearly doubles in children aged 1 to 5 years1. Most affected people live in low-income countries, including Nepal. Methods:A pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was used to assess the effectiveness of the structural teaching programme (STP) on otitis media and its prevention. A purposive sampling technique was used. The study included 120 mothers of under-five children residing in the rural community of Lalitpur, Nepal. For respondents who could read, write, a structured knowledge questionnaire was distributed, and for those who could not, interviews were conducted. Results: The mean pre-test knowledge score was 44.2% (SD 9.3%), whereas the mean post-test knowledge score was 85.8% (7.8 %.), and the enhancement mean knowledge was 41.6% (SD 9.7%). When a paired t-test was done, the obtained value of 33.22 was found to be significant at 0.05. A significant association was found between respondents' pretest knowledge levels of otitis media and its prevention and socio-demographic variables such as age, type of family, the number of children, education status, occupation, monthly income, and whether they had heard about it before. Conclusion: The majority of the participants had inadequate knowledge about otitis media and its prevention. The mean pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of respondents differed significantly. As a result, the study found that STP was effective. Keywords: effectiveness, structural teaching programme, knowledge, mothers of under five children.
Introduction The World Health Organization stated self-medication involves the use of medicinal products by the consumer to treat self-recognized disorders or symptoms without prescribed by a physician. Self-medication is a worldwide public health issue and is more common in developing countries. Analgesics and cough syrups were Nepals most commonly used classes of drugs, which could be easily available over the counter. Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pretest and post-test design was used to assess the effectiveness of the Structural Teaching Program (STP) on self-medication knowledge and its adverse effects. A nonprobability purposive sampling techniquewas used. The study included 120 middle-aged adults residing in Lalitpur, Nepal. A structured knowledge questionnaire were developed, translated into the local language, and distributed to respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean pre-test knowledge score was 32.9% (SD 16.9%), the mean post-test knowledge score was 83.1% (9.5%), and the enhancement mean knowledge was 50.2% (SD 10.7%). When a pairedt-test was done, the obtained value of 36.34 was found to be significant at 0.05. There was a significant relationship between respondents pretest knowledge levels of self-medication and its adverse effects and socio-demographic variables such as age, religion, education, family income, occupation, and type of family, number of children, previous knowledge and source of information. Conclusion: The respondentshad inadequate knowledge about self-medication and its adverse effects. The mean pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of respondents differed significantly. As a result, the study found that STP was effective.
Background of the study: Road Traffic Accidents are one of the leading causes of death and disability among children and are mainly due to ignorance and carelessness. So, children road safety education and training is to be an important part for the children safety. Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on Knowledge of school Children regarding Prevention of Road Traffic Accidents. Method: In this preexperimental study design was used. Total 100 children were selected by convenience sampling. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used. Subsequently, the data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The mean pre-test knowledge score was 34.2% (SD of ± 20.8) whereas the mean post-test knowledge score was 85.3% (SD of ±11.1). A significant difference was found between mean pre-test and post-test knowledge scores ("t" = 21.75, p< 0.05). A significant association was found between mother"s educational status, father"s educational status, types of family, distance from home to school, mode of travel, types of accident met, exposure to information on prevention of Road Traffic Accidents and the source of information (χ 2 = 14.83, 9.80, 7.50, 12.47, 6.89, 5.66, 25.97, 27.88 at p< 0.05). Conclusion: The samples had inadequate knowledge regarding all the aspects of Road Traffic Accidents. The study finding indicates that Self Instructional Module was effective in enhancing the knowledge of school children regarding the prevention of Road Traffic Accidents.
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