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The effect of β-adrenergic blockade by intravenous dl-propranolol on pulse rate, tremor and Achilles reflex time has been compared with the effect of inactive d-propranolol and saline alone in anxious and thyrotoxic subjects. β-blockade significantly reduced pulse rate, decreased the amplitude of tremor, and prolonged reflex time in both groups.

a b s t r a c tObjectives: The objectives of this study were to: (1) explore the proportion of HTx centers that have a multidisciplinary team and (2) assess the relationship between multidisciplinarity and the level of chronic illness management (CIM). Background: The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) recommends a multidisciplinary approach in heart transplant (HTx) follow-up care but little is known regarding the proportion of HTx centers that meet this recommendation and the impact on patient care. HTx centers

Until recently, patients with relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma after brentuximab vedotin (Bv) treatments had poor treatment outcomes. Checkpoint inhibitors such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab that bind to and inhibit programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), have demonstrated an overall response rate of 70% in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients; however, complete response is still low at 20% with median progression-free survival of 14 months. There are ongoing clinical studies to seek out synergistic combinations, with the goal of improving the complete response rates for the cure of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although radiotherapy has a limited survival benefit in such refractory patients, several preclinical models and anecdotal clinical evidence have suggested that combining local tumor irradiation with checkpoint inhibitors can produce systemic regression of distant tumors, an abscopal effect. Most of these reported studies on the response with local conformal radiotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors in combination with the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody-ipilimumab are in melanoma. Here we report in our case series that the checkpoint inhibitors that block CTLA4 and B7-homolog 1 (B7-H1) or PD-1 in preclinical radiotherapy models have shown an increased the rate of tumor regression. Our case series demonstrates that combining local irradiation with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade treatment is feasible and synergistic in refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. Correlative studies also suggest that the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), DNA damage response and mutational tumor burden can be used as potential biomarkers for treatment response.

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