KEYWORDS IntroductionBreast self-examination (BSE) is a self-generated, non-invasive and non-irradiative method of breast cancer detection. Self examination of the breasts each month after the menstrual cycle is the simplest yet extremely important way to detect early breast cancer. It has been observed that women can detect 95% of breast cancers and 65% of early minimal breast cancers themselves. This method is harmless, less time consuming and can be performed by any woman. ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of educational intervention programme regarding Breast Self Examination among girl students of study school. MethodologyPre experimental one group pre-test post-test design was adopted for this study. In total, 61 girls were included. The result were analysed by using both descriptive as well as inferential statistics. ResultsIn pre-test 75.4% had inadequate and only 1.6% had adequate knowledge regarding Breast Self Examination, in contrast, after the intervention the adequate knowledge was increased to 62.3%. The overall mean score was increased from 33.07% to 85.14%. The test of significance revealed that the increment in BSE knowledge score due to program intervention was highly significant (P< 0.001). ConclusionThe educational intervention programme on BSE was found to be highly effective as the knowledge score was significantly increased after intervention of the package among higher secondary school girls. Breast cancer, examination, school girlsAffiliation:
IntroductionThe poor nutritional status of under five children has been considered a serious problem in Nepal for many years. Children need adequate nutrition for their proper physical, emotional as well as psychological development.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess and compare the nutritional status of under five children and explore its socio demographic determinants.MethodologyAn analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Eastern Terai, ecological belt of Nepal. Predesigned, pretested interview schedule was used to collect the information. Information was collected from 720 Dalit as well as Non-dalit mothers about their youngest children. The nutritional status was measured byusing anthropometric measurements. ResultsIn bi-variate analysis the significant difference were observed among children's nutritional status between castes as well as a number of socio-demographic variables however in multivariate analysis only caste, number of Children Ever Born (CEB) and mother's education were found significant determinants of height for age, mother's education was found significant determinant for weight for height and caste, age of children and mother's education were found significant determinants of weight for age of children.ConclusionDalit children were found much more malnourished than Nondalit. The castes, age of child, CEB to mother and mothers' education were found as the determinants of nutritional status among under-five children.Birat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 117-126
Introduction: Nutrition is one of the key factors that affects every sphere of human health. Its effect on physical and cognitive development is vital for performance and productivity especially among the children and adolescents. Hemoglobin and body mass index (BMI) are key factors to assess the nutritional status among adolescents. Objectives: This study aims to examine the nutritional status and its associated factors among school-going adolescents Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted with sample size 810 involving 11 to 17 years’ school going adolescents in Eastern Development Region of Nepal. Multistage probability sampling technique was used to draw the sample and pre-designed structured questionnaire and standard measurement tools were used to assess the nutritional status. Ethical approval and written informed consent were taken from concerned authorities. Data were entered in EPI Data and analyzed by SPSS. Chi-square test was used to find association. Results: Among 810 adolescents, 52.5 % were females and 47.5 % were males. The mean age of participants was 14.5 years. Mean hemoglobin and BMI were measured 11.13 mg/dl with SD 1.57 and 18.87 with SD 2.79 respectively. Variation measured significant by sex, ethnicity, parents’ education, family type and ecological belts for BMI (p<.05). Similarly, age, sex, ethnicity, property index, parents’ education and occupation were significantly associated with hemoglobin (p<.05). Conclusion: The low BMI as well asanemia were widely prevalent among school-going adolescents in Eastern part of Nepal. The females had better BMI than males but males were less anemic than females.
Introduction: The public health relevance of mental health conditions including behavioural problems in children and adolescents has been a growing concern over the past decades. There are negligible studies found in mental health domains of adolescents in developing countries; studies with regional or national coverage are lacking in Nepal. Therefore, present study has been designed to explore the magnitude and risk factors of behavioral disorders among adolescents. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the prevalence of behavioral disorders and its determinants among school going adolescence in Eastern Development Region of Nepal. Methodology: The study adopts analytical cross-sectional design with sample size 1500 involving 11 to 17 year school going adolescents and carried out in Eastern Development Region of Nepal during August to December 2016. Multistage probability sampling technique was used to draw the sample and validated self-report SDQ was used to estimate the behavioral problems. Ethical approval was taken from ERB of Nepal Health Research Council. Written informed consent was taken from each participant before collecting the information. Collected information were entered using Epi Data software and processed to SPSS version 16 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis were carried out. Results: The prevalence of total (overall) behavioral problem was found among 35.0 % adolescents. While classifying, 13.3% were suffering from emotional disorder, 11.20% from conduct problem, 7.2% from hyperactivity/inattention, 4.9% from peer relationship problem and 2.1% from prosocial activities. In multivariate analysis, female adolescents, adolescents of uneducated or less educated parents (less than 10+2), residing in mountain ecological belt and adolescents without parents (dead or separated) were found positively associated with behavioral disorders. Conclusion: Total behavioral problem was found among 35.0% adolescents. adolecents of less educated parents, female sex, Mountain ecological belt and those without parents were more vulnerable to behavioral problem. Therefore, parental care seems to be very much essential to reduce the behavioural problems among children.
Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease causes sudden changes in the daily lives of patients and creates a great impact on their quality of life. Failure of adherence in Hemodialysis can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, cost, and burden on health care system. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the quality of life and adherence to treatment of patients undergoing Hemodialysis. Methodology: A descriptive correlational study was carried out at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, among 96 patients who were under HD using convenience sampling technique. The data was collected through face to face interview for the period of 5 months. Quality of life and adherence to treatment were assessed using Kidney Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (KDQOL) and End Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD – AQ) respectively. The data was analyzed using t test, Spearman correlation statistics. Results In this study, the overall mean score of quality of life (QOL) of patients under HD was 48.9±13.7. More than half (54.1%) of the patients had moderate adherence to treatment while 31.2% had good adherence. Domains with the highest and lowest scores on quality of life and adherence to treatment were social domain and illness impact and adherence to HD treatment and diet restriction, respectively. There was statistically significant association between total score of quality of life and duration of HD (p≤0.05). Likewise, there was statistically significant association between adherence to treatment and marital status (p≤0.05), educational status (p≤0.05), ethnicity (p≤0.05), duration of illness (p≤0.05). Poor correlation (r= 0.273) was observed between quality of life and adherence to treatment. Conclusion: On average, the kidney disease component dimension of quality of life of patients under HD is higher and the overall level of adherence to treatment was moderate. Thus proper periodic counseling on illness and its long term impact, regular follow up as well as information on adherance to dietary measures are important to improve the quality of life and treatment adherance of patients under hemodialysis.
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